Influence of the magnesium aspartate hydrochloride administration to the maternal circuit on the aspartate concentration of the fetal circuit under in vitro perfusion of human placenta

Clinical Therapeutics in Pregnancy

“…The presence of the fetal-placental unit further distinguishes the pregnant state from a nonpregnant adult, and offers significant complexity to determining a drug's safety profile [9–11]. Developmental toxicity (death, structural malformations, functional abnormalities, growth restriction, or premature birth) is a concern throughout gestation [12], and certain drugs or exposures may interfere with the development and function of the placenta [13].…”

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

“…Perfusion of the isolated human placental cotyledon was described in 1967 by Panigel [68], and in 1970 Nesbitt [69] introduced an apparatus for dual perfusion (both maternal and fetal circuits) which was later modified by other research groups enabling more systematic studies of placental synthetic, metabolic and transport functions [68][69][70][71]. Dual perfusion of the human placenta has been extremely useful in understanding transplacental pharmacokinetics and offers substantial opportunity to enhance drug development during pregnancy [41,57,[72][73][74].…”

“…Antipyrine diffuses rapidly, equilibrating between the two circuits, while creatinine, a hydrophilic molecule, diffuses more slowly across the placenta. The transport of antipyrine is flow limited [70][71][72]76], while creatinine transfer is limited by its hydrophilic property and transferred through extra-cellular pathways [76][77][78]. Antipyrine and creatinine are generally used to normalize data across multiple experiments [28].…”

Transplacental transfer of 2-naphthol in human placenta

“…The placentas were transported to the laboratory within 30 min. We adopt methods described by Schneider et al [15] , [25] . In summary, a suitable cotyledon was selected and the fetal vessels were catheterized with a French catheter.…”

“…Naphthalene (NAP), a volatile polycyclic considered as one of the simplest PAH chemicals., detected at large quantities indoors and outdoors due to solvent-related emissions, renovations, household products, and pesticides [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] . The initial metabolites are epoxides which are cyclic ether with three ring atoms.…”