Transplacental transfer of 2-naphthol in human placenta

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the transfer of 2-naphthol (2-NPH) in fullterm human placental tissues.MethodsSix placentas were studied. The ex-vivo dual closed-loop human placental cotyledon perfusion model was used. 2-NPH was added to the perfusate in the maternal compartment. Samples were obtained from the maternal and fetal up to 360 min measuring.ResultsThe mean fetal weight was 2880 ± 304.2 g. Mean perfused cotyledon weight was 26.3 (±5.5) g. All unperfused placental tissue samples contained NPH with a mean level of 7.98 (±1.73) μg\g compared to a mean of 15.58 (±4.53) μg\g after 360 min perfusion. A rapid drop in maternal 2-NPH concentration was observed; from 5.54 μg\g in the first 15 min and 13.8 μg\g in 360 min. The fetal side increased from 0.65 μg\g in the initial 15 min to 1.5 μg\g in 360 min. The transfer rate of NPH was much lower than that of antipyrine.Conclusion2-NPH has the ability to rapidly across the placenta from the maternal to the fetal compartment within 15 min. The placenta seems to play a role in limiting the passage of 2-NPH in the fetal compartment.

Hydrolase CehA and a Novel Two-Component 1-Naphthol Hydroxylase CehC1C2 are Responsible for the Two Initial Steps of Carbaryl Degradation in Rhizobium sp. X9

“…39 The toxicity of 2-naphthol is much greater than that of 1-naphthol, which can damage the liver and kidneys of the human body and affect sperm activity. 40 In this study, we found that CehC1C2 can also hydroxylate 2-naphthol. To the best of our knowledge, the hydroxylase gene cehC1C2 cloned in this study is the first gene discovered and responsible for the 2-naphthol conversion.…”

“…The naphthol residues in soil and water have seriously threatened food safety and human health . The toxicity of 2-naphthol is much greater than that of 1-naphthol, which can damage the liver and kidneys of the human body and affect sperm activity . In this study, we found that CehC1C2 can also hydroxylate 2-naphthol.…”

Facial Genetics: A Brief Overview

“…The developing fetus may be subject to adverse environments at home, in the workplace or through lifestyle activities (smoking, alcohol and drug intake, allergens, paint, pest/weed control, heavy metals, cleaning, body products such as perfumes and creams). Many of these substances can cross the placenta (Naphthalene a volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related to solvent emissions is present in household products and pesticides – Mirghani et al, 2015 ; Nicotine – Wickström, 2007 ; Drugs and alcohol – Lange et al, 2014 ). There is evidence to suggest that the effects of some of these substances can also continue post-natally through breast milk fed to the new-born (heavy metals – Caserta et al, 2013 ; Dioxin – Rivezzi et al, 2013 ).…”

Multilevel principal components analysis of three-dimensional facial growth in adolescents

“…Subtle facial differences can be detected between populations reflecting the differing genetic structures in distinct population groups [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, environmental factors can influence face shape over the course of life such as maternal smoking or alcohol [25][26][27], atmospheric toxins which can cross the placenta [28], childhood illnesses [29], and medical conditions [30,31]. 3D (computed tomography) images have also been explored in forensic facial reconstructions [32,33].…”