Influence of the lead and oxygen content on the passivation of anodes in the process of copper electro-refining

Gumowska, W.; Sędzimir, J.

doi:10.1016/0304-386x(92)90133-k

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Increase of Pb content facilitates the anode passivation, but it was established that if oxygen is present besides Pb, the anodes will not be passive [8,9]. It is well known that Sn in copper bearing anodes is almost always present as SnO 2 , and rarely in the composite forms of oxides, formed at the copper grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Behaviour of non-standard composition copper bearing anodes from the copper refining process

Marković¹,

Friedrich²,

Stajić-Trošić³

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Behaviour of non-standard composition copper bearing anodes from the copper refining process

Marković¹,

Friedrich²,

Stajić-Trošić³

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Therefore, the Ag contribution to the formation of a passive layer on the anode surface is smaller, providing less resistance for Cu ions diffusion. Gumowska and Sedzimir [8] also concluded that Pb compounds which fall off the anode cause convection in the electrolyte layer close to the anode and, thus, promote the transport of the Cu 2+ . Therefore, in anodes with Pb, transport of the Cu 2+ is dominated by liquid diff usion, which has a lower resistance than pore diff usion.…”

Section: Eff Ect Of Pb Concentration On Passivation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Pb is generally considered as an undesirable impurity in copper anodes due to its tendency to dissolve and precipitate into PbSO 4 [1,7] which is insoluble, non-conductive and can inhibit Cu 2+ diffusion. However, Gumowska and Sedzimir [8] used chronopotentiometry techniques to investigate copper anodes containing lead and oxygen and concluded that a Pb content of up to 2 wt% does not markedly influence passivation. Hence, Pb content in the copper anode has to be carefully controlled to achieve an optimal concentration that will suppress passivation while avoiding excessive precipitation of PbSO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lead in Suppressing Passivation of High Silver―Containing Copper Anodes During Electrorefining

Godirilwe

Takasaki

Haga

et al. 2022

Int.J.Soc.Mater.Eng.Resour.

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Passivation behavior of high silver containing copper anodes was investigated using slowly cooled Cu-1%Ag anodes of diff erent lead (Pb) concentrations. The addition of Pb distributes silver in the Pb phase and reduces the amount of silver that is solidly soluble in copper and, thus, generates a fi ne silver powder on the anode surface which is a main contributing factor of passivation. Electrorefi ning experiments were conducted using a synthetic electrolyte containing 40 g/L Cu 2+ and 180 g/L H 2 SO 4 , at 60°C. SEM-EDS analysis was used to study the resulting anode slime and showed that increasing Pb content altered the anode slime structure from fi ne and compact to porous and less adherent to the anode surface. Utilizing a Cu-1%Ag-0.2%Pb anode yielded the longest passivation time with a low and stable cell voltage of 0.1V. The slime morphology was characterized by precipitated metallic silver particles either as inclusion or loosely present on the surface of the abundant complex Cu-Ag-Pb sulfate type of compounds. Because of the economic importance of silver recovery from the anode slime, understanding its behavior during electrorefi ning will enable operating with high impurity anodes especially in secondary copper processing where metallic impurities can result from e-waste and copper alloy scrap.

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“…l89 Garneau and coworkers studied the mechanisms and kinetics of the passivation of pure copper anodes during electrorefining in pure, hot, acidified copper sulfate electrolyte, 190 while Gumowska and Sedzimir investigated the influence of the lead and oxygen content of anodes on passivation. 191 MacKinnon and Brannen determined the effects of manganese, magnesium, sodium, and potassium sulfate on the current efficiency and deposit characteristics during zinc electrowinning. l92 Affi and colleagues investigated electrowinning zinc from alkaline zincate solutions 193 and Lin and Selman studied the effect of periodic current modulation on the electrodeposition of zinc in both acidic and alkaline media.…”

Section: Electrochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous processing of minerals, metals, and materials

Doyle

Duyvesteyn

1993

JOM

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Authors' Note: This article reviews research published or presented in 1991 and 1992 that we feel is likely to be of interest to those involved in hydrometallurgy and the aqueous processing of materials and industrial minerals. It is beyond the scope of such a review to discuss any of the contributions comprehensively or critically. Instead, we hope that the reader will use this compilation of recent research as an information sourceiand learn more about work that heor she is interested in from the references given here. GENERAL SYMPOSIATwo international symposia held in 1992 covered a comprehensive range of hydrometallurgical research. The Ernest Peters International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Theory and Practice, had sessions on leaching of ores and concentrates, hydrometallurgical deSign, simulation and process control, hydrometallurgical process innovation, hydrometallurgy and the environment, hydrometallurgy and precious metals recovery, and solution purification. 1 The Second International Conference on Hydrometallurgy, held in Changsha, China, included ten plenary lectures with an emphasis on Chinese hydrometallurgy, but speakers also addressed aspects of heap leaching, integrated waste management, solvent extraction, and the use of liquid membranes for effluent treatment. The plenary lectures were followed by sessions on general hydrometallurgy (27 papers), leaching (37 papers), precious metals (29 papers), purification and separation (59 papers), and environmental problems (26 papers).2 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF AQUEOUS SYSTEMSThe power of thermodynamic analysis for understanding the behavior of aqueous systems has long been recognized. Over the last few years, however, computational techniques have greatly facilitated such analyses. A recent example is the construction of multicomponent Eh-pH diagrams, using generalized species. 3 However, the computations are only as good as the data that are used as inputto models. Duffield and coworkers discussed the critical appraisal of thermodynamic data for use with computer-based chemical speciation models, the problems associated with selecting formation/ dissolution constants for solids, and the interpretation of c0l!lputed results.+-;;For many systems there is still an urgent need for good thermodynamic data, 46 and recent contributions in this area are particularlywekome. Indu and coworkers developed a scale characterizing the acidity of solutions containing H 2 SO 4 and Na 2 SO/ The activities and osmotic coefficients of various alkali and alkalineearth halide solutions were calculated from vapor pressure measurements,8 freezing pOint data (using a two-parameter equation of the Huckel type),9

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Influence of the lead and oxygen content on the passivation of anodes in the process of copper electro-refining

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Behaviour of non-standard composition copper bearing anodes from the copper refining process

Behaviour of non-standard composition copper bearing anodes from the copper refining process

The Role of Lead in Suppressing Passivation of High Silver―Containing Copper Anodes During Electrorefining

Aqueous processing of minerals, metals, and materials

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