Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift  Operations in Standard Tractors

Birkmann, Christian; Fedde, Thomas; Frerichs, Ludger

doi:10.51202/9783181023006-439

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Various previous studies have focused on simulating wheeled agricultural machinery. Conventional internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered tractors have been simulated to study topics such as traction control algorithms [69], drivetrain reliability [70], gearshifting strategies [71,72], and active suspension [73]. Hybrid powertrains in agricultural tractors have received increased research interest in recent years.…”

Section: Simulation Of Agricultural Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Properties and Powertrain Configuration on the Energy Consumption of Wheeled Electric Agricultural Robots

Kivekäs,

Lajunen

2024

Energies

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Agricultural emissions can be significantly reduced with smart farming, which includes moving away from large conventional tractors to fleets of compact wheeled electric robots. This paper presents a novel simulation modeling approach for an ATV-sized wheeled electric agricultural robot pulling an implement on deformable terrain. The 2D model features a semiempirical tire–soil interaction model as well as a powertrain model. Rear-wheel drive (RWD), front-wheel drive (FWD), and all-wheel drive (AWD) versions were developed. Simulations were carried out on two different soils to examine the energy consumption and tractive performance of the powertrain options. The results showed that energy consumption varies the least with AWD. However, RWD could provide lower energy consumption than AWD with light workloads due to lower curb weight. However, with the heaviest workload, AWD had 7.5% lower energy consumption than RWD. FWD was also found to be capable of lower energy consumption than AWD on light workloads, but it was unsuited for heavy workloads due to traction limitations. Overall, the results demonstrated the importance of taking the terrain characteristics and workload into account when designing electric agricultural robots. The developed modeling approach can prove useful for designing such machines and their fleet management.

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Section: Simulation Of Agricultural Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Properties and Powertrain Configuration on the Energy Consumption of Wheeled Electric Agricultural Robots

Kivekäs,

Lajunen

2024

Energies

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“…Vehicle modeling and simulation methods are a practical and rather fast way of analyzing and comparing different powertrain solutions. Different from many other vehicles, agricultural tractors are used on different types of field surfaces and in different conditions, which creates specific challenges for modeling [25]. Reliably and accurately simulating tire-soil interactions need high-fidelity models, e.g., FEM-(Finite Element Method) or DEM-(Discrete Element Method) based models, that need laborious development and require significant amounts of computational capacity [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Assessment of Energy Consumption of Alternative Powertrains in Agricultural Tractors

Lajunen,

Kivekäs,

Freyermuth

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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The objectives of this research were to develop simulation models for agricultural tractors with different powertrain technologies and evaluate the energy consumption in typical agricultural operations. Simulation models were developed for conventional, parallel hybrid electric, series hybrid electric, fuel cell hybrid, and battery electric powertrains. Autonomie vehicle simulation software (version 2022) was used for the simulations and the tractor models were simulated in two tilling cycles and in a road transport cycle with a trailer. The alternative powertrains were configured to have at least the same tractive performance as the conventional, diesel engine-powered tractor model. The simulation results showed that the potential of the parallel and series hybrid powertrains to improve energy efficiency depends heavily on the tractor size and the operating cycle conditions. The fuel cell hybrid and battery electric powertrains have a higher potential to reduce energy consumption and emissions but still have inherent technical challenges for practical operation. The battery-powered electric tractor would require improvements in the storage energy density to have a comparable operational performance in comparison to other powertrains. The fuel cell hybrid tractor already provided an adequate operating performance but the availability of hydrogen and refueling infrastructure could be challenging to resolve in the farming context.

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“…17 The first part of the power shift transmission for standard tractors was developed in the 1950s. Birkmann et al 18 improved this part and produced full-power shift transmission. Full-power shift transmission consists of a series of multiple planetary drives with mechanical and hydrostatic shift actuation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift quality optimization control of power shift transmission based on particle swarm optimization–genetic algorithm

Xia

Chen

Tang

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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A clutch control strategy is proposed to improve the shift quality of power shift transmission and solve the power cycle phenomenon in the shifting process. The strategy effectively avoids the power cycle phenomenon by analyzing the change in the transmission torque and the relationship between the rotating speed of the driving and driven disks of a shifting clutch. The evaluation indexes of the shift quality of power shift transmission are sliding friction power loss, impact degree, and torque oscillation amplitude. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), combined with a genetic algorithm, is used to optimize the shift quality of power shift transmission, solving the problem in which basic PSO frequently converges to the local optimal solution. Simulations and experiments are performed on the optimization results. The simulation and test results show that the proposed control strategy can ensure that the rotating speed of the driving disk is always higher than that of the driven disk when the clutch is insliding and wearing states. Thus, this control strategy effectively avoids power cycle when shifting and improves shift quality.

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Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Soil Properties and Powertrain Configuration on the Energy Consumption of Wheeled Electric Agricultural Robots

Effect of Soil Properties and Powertrain Configuration on the Energy Consumption of Wheeled Electric Agricultural Robots

Simulation-Based Assessment of Energy Consumption of Alternative Powertrains in Agricultural Tractors

Shift quality optimization control of power shift transmission based on particle swarm optimization–genetic algorithm

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