Influence of the composition of solid biomass in the flammability and susceptibility to spontaneous combustion

Torrent, Javier García; Ramírez-Gómez, Álvaro; Fernandez-Añez, Nieves; Pejić, Ljiljana Medić; Tascón, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.045

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Because of the tiny amount (mg) of sample used and multiple reactions resulting in weight losses or gains before ignition, the application of TGA is limited to the oxidation immediately prior to and after ignition. Nevertheless, the derived characteristic parameters from the measurements, including the temperatures of ignition, maximum weight loss, etc., may be used to characterize the thermal susceptibility and stability of biomass materials. − A risk ranking was proposed by Ramírez et al for agricultural materials according to the characteristic temperature (peak temperature) determined by TGA in O 2 and apparent activation energy derived from TGA in air, both indicators of oxidation reactivity, and was applied for solid biofuels including agricultural, forestry, and waste residues , and dried sewage sludge . The ranking was applied for various biomass materials with the temperature of maximum weight loss in air to replace the characteristic temperature. , However, the method generally shows relatively low resolution in determining the propensity for self-ignition because most biomass materials are highly reactive and have similarities in the characteristic temperature and activation energy .…”

Section: Low Temperature Chemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Sheng

Yao

2022

Energy Fuels

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Storage of bulk biomass materials is essential along the feedstock supply chain of bioenergy production. The self-heating accompanying biomass storage has hazardous consequences. With the increasing biomass utilization for bioenergy production, the risk and economic and environmental concerns about biomass storage have been attracting extensive research attention aimed at understanding the processes of heat generation, evaluating the propensity of a material to self-heating and spontaneous ignition, describing and predicting the self-heating process and consequences in biomass storage, and developing strategies and technologies for storage management. The advances in the understanding and description of heat generation processes including water-associated physical processes, microbiological degradation processes, and chemical oxidative processes during the self-heating in biomass storage are reviewed, with the focus on understanding the processes and their underlying mechanisms, reaction kinetics, and heats of reaction through experimental studies and description of heat generation and self-heating processes through kinetic analyses and modeling. This review highlights the need to improve the mechanistic model description of the self-heating processes and associated material changes and product formation, which demand a better understanding and description of microbial degradation and chemical oxidation through experimental study.

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Section: Low Temperature Chemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Sheng

Yao

2022

Energy Fuels

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“…However, negative effects also exist and must be managed appropriately. For example the high oxygen content of biomass makes storage and handling more challenging due to flammability hazards . The number of theoretical equilibrium stages provides a rough guide to the size of the system.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example the high oxygen content of biomass makes storage and handling more challenging due to flammability hazards. 32 The number of theoretical equilibrium stages provides a rough guide to the size of the system. Detailed design is required to determine the exact height of the absorber and desorber sections, but the results suggest the design is feasible from a thermodynamic standpoint.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net-Negative Emissions through Molten Sorbents and Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Halliday

Hatton

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) offers a unique opportunity to realize net-negative emissions, such that the system actively removes CO 2 from the atmosphere, while also producing reliable base-load electricity. To achieve net-negative emissions, BECCS requires minimal indirect emissions and the low-cost separation of CO 2 from other gases. Molten sorbents represent a newly discovered and highly efficient class of material for this separation and could therefore improve the feasibility of BECCS. This work identifies that, relative to coal, bioderived feedstocks provide modest technical advantages for molten sorbents and that regeneration driven by steam remains effective at the pilot scale. Depending on the fuel, BECCS could remove 300−850 kg of CO 2 equivalent from the atmosphere per megawatt hour of electrical output (kg/MWh e ). The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was found to depend heavily on the biomass feedstock cost, which varies considerably. Early adopters could utilize low-cost resources and play an outsized role in climate change mitigation. However, the total addressable market is limited by the availability of land, water, and nutrients. The estimated cost of CO 2 avoided using molten salt sorbents and was $45−50/tonne relative to coal and $80−100/tonne relative to the future, largely renewable, electrical grid. This emphasizes the resilience of BECCS to competition from other low carbon technologies, the low costs of molten sorbents compared to other sorbents, and the opportunity to offset emissions from hard-to-abate industries.

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“…These small-scale analyses have the advantages of being less time intensive and hence also more affordable. However, this approach misses the thermal insulating effect of a pile of fuel where nonisothermal conditions occur and simultaneously does not mimic the O 2 transport across the pile while being only applicable to fine materials, thus hardly representing the real self-heating phenomena for pelletized biomass materials, − although it can be very useful to study the ignition behavior of biomass at higher than “ambient” temperature operations like drying, or milling, or on hot surfaces of running equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Steam-Exploded Wood Pellets Storage and Handling Safety in a Coal-Designed Power Plant

Abelha

Cieplik

2021

Energy Fuels

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Solid biofuels are currently used in increasing volumes to replace fossil equivalents. Next to the traditional wood-derived fuels, the advancement of biomass upgrading technologies like steam explosion (SE), followed by pelleting, further broadens the variety of materials on the market. This thermochemical and mechanical upgrading improves greatly the general properties of such fuels (homogeneity, energy density, water resistance, biological decomposition, grindability, pneumatic transport, etc.) and at the same time offers the possibility for co-production of green chemicals/biorefinery processing. However, these alternative SE-material pellets have different properties from the fossil counterparts with regard to dust formation, dielectric, ignitability, and explosive characteristics, hence posing an increased risk of fire and explosion in handling, transport, and storage of the biosolid fuels. These divergent properties need to be properly addressed before their large implementation in the industry. To shed more light on the variability of such material properties, several batches of SE pellets varying in bulk density and subjected to different handling and storage conditions were evaluated. This was done using a number of standardized equipment and following industrial standard measurement methodologies to compare steam-exploded material with standard white wood pellets and reference coals. The main body of the work focused on the explosivity of dust generated in the handling of the pellets, studied using a Hartmann tube, coupled with a high-speed camera to evaluate the sensitivity [minimum ignition energy (MIE) and minimum explosive concentration (MEC)] and the severity maximum flame front velocity (FFVmax) of explosions of the generated SE-pellet dust. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) was used to measure and compare the ignitability of dust layers of SE-pellet dust vs coal and as a function of co-mixture. Finally, the SE-pellet self-heating behavior was addressed using the standard “basket method” and compared with that of a commercial coal sample. The results show that the SE pellets produce very low levels of dust even after extensive weathering, hence limiting the explosion potential. The MIE and MEC of SE-pellet dusts exhibited similar values compared to those of the parent raw biomass material; however, the FFVmax revealed lower values when compared to that of the parent raw biomass. Also, the self-heating propensity is very low as the pellets are basically immune to biological degradation, while the spontaneous ignition temperature is high and in the range of nonhazardous bulk materials.

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Influence of the composition of solid biomass in the flammability and susceptibility to spontaneous combustion

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Net-Negative Emissions through Molten Sorbents and Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Evaluation of Steam-Exploded Wood Pellets Storage and Handling Safety in a Coal-Designed Power Plant

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