Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Sheng, Changdong; Yao, Can

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c03369

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 255 publications

(1,244 reference statements)

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“…Rattanachomsrim, however, reported that Firmicutes were abundant in 3-month-old bagasse whose temperature was ~50°C. This suggests that the latter was still in the thermophilic phase of composting [ 29 , 30 ], which is consistent with the work of Gebbie et al who recently reported resampling the same undisturbed bagasse pile (~ 8 months apart) at multiple depths [ 26 ]. Not surprisingly, they found differences in both bacterial and fungal communities with depth and time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications

Uchimiya

LeBlanc²

2022

PLoS ONE

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Sugarcane mill mud/filter cake is an activated sludge-like byproduct from the clarifier of a raw sugar production factory, where cane juice is heated to ≈90°C for 1–2 hr, after the removal of bagasse. Mill mud is enriched with organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient minerals; no prior report utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial composition. Mill mud could be applied to agricultural fields as biofertilizer to replace or supplement chemical fertilizers, and as bio-stimulant to replenish microorganisms and organic carbon depleted by erosion and post-harvest field burning. However, mill mud has historically caused waste management challenges in the United States. This study reports on the chemical and microbial (16S rRNA) characteristics for mill muds of diverse origin and ages. Chemical signature (high phosphorus) distinguished mill mud from bagasse (high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio) and soil (high pH) samples of diverse geographical/environmental origins. Bacterial alpha diversity of all sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil) was inversely correlated with C/N. Firmicutes dominated the microbial composition of fresh byproducts (mill mud and bagasse) as-produced within the operating factory. Upon aging and environmental exposure, the microbial community of the byproducts diversified to resemble that of soils, and became dominated by varying proportions of other phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomyces. In summary, chemical properties allowed grouping of sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil-like), and microbial diversity analyses visualized aging caused by outdoor exposures including soil amendment and composting. Results suggest that a transient turnover of microbiome by amendments shifts towards more resilient population governed by the chemistry of bulk soil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications

Uchimiya

LeBlanc²

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Different authors recommended up to 15% moisture for most biomass to maintain a stable process since feedstocks with high moisture reduce the temperature of the reactor and slow down some endothermic reactions. 6 In addition, feedstocks with high moisture contents might cause fluidization issues in fluidizedbed reactors and large coking due to temperature oscillations within the gasifier caused by a high moisture content. 102 Therefore, biomass should be dried to a specified technological limit to enhance the energy output of biomass−plastic cogasification.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive moisture content typically decreases process efficiency while increasing tar production. Different authors recommended up to 15% moisture for most biomass to maintain a stable process since feedstocks with high moisture reduce the temperature of the reactor and slow down some endothermic reactions . In addition, feedstocks with high moisture contents might cause fluidization issues in fluidized-bed reactors and large coking due to temperature oscillations within the gasifier caused by a high moisture content .…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Biomass (a sustainable energy source) is derived from living (or recently lived) species, such as grasses, crops, plants, trees, animal manure, and municipal waste. 6 Five fundamental components distinguish the various kinds of biomass found in nature: hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives/volatiles, and ash. 7 The vast majority (nearly 50%) of the biomass is lignocellulosic in structural composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

2022

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The generation of solid waste and lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) residues and their environmentally responsible disposal have emerged as major global challenges. A major part (around 12%) of solid waste is plastic, and the increased accumulation has become a serious public health and environmental hazard. For the combined management of residual LCB biomass and plastic waste, thermochemical conversion, particularly gasification, appears to be a potential alternative. Gasification is a process that turns high carbon-containing solid feedstocks into a combustible gas mixture known as syngas or producer gas based on the gasifying agent. Co-gasification (the gasification of two distinct feedstocks) has the potential to facilitate eco-friendly plastic waste disposal while also contributing to the production of green energy. The literature on the co-gasification of LCB and plastic waste is reviewed in the current study. These are mostly experimental studies on biomass and plastics carried out in various reactors with multiple gasifying mediums. The synergistic effects of various feedstock compositions and attributes are examined during co-gasification using experimental studies and reactor-level modeling. The impacts of operating parameters on the gas yield, tar formation, and gasifier performance are also analyzed. Finally, the challenges, research gaps, and the way toward commercialization in the context of co-gasification of various combinations of LCB and plastics are presented.

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“…Meanwhile, spontaneous ignition may arise from the exothermic process due to the susceptibility of stockpiled materials to self-heating. The physical, biological, and chemical heating mechanisms are addressed to contribute to self-heating events (Sheng and Yao 2022). There were many reports of fire incidents during storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the combustion kinetics and spontaneous ignition of sweet sorghum as energy resource

Luthfi

Ohkoshi²,

Tamaru

et al. 2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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This study investigated the combustion kinetics and spontaneous ignition of sweet sorghum using thermogravimetric analysis and the Frank-Kamenetskii theory. The aim was to determine the proper operating conditions for a direct combustion reactor and predict the safe ambient temperature limits for given silo designs. Oxidative heating rates of 2, 5, and 10 °C/min were set up. Graphical observation shows that combustion was composed of two different stages representing the overlapping processes of pyrolysis and char oxidation, at 131–336 °C and 336–475 °C, respectively. Samples were found to ignite at 215 °C and were extinguished at 433 °C. Different heating rates shifted combustion characteristics to higher temperatures and increased reactivity for ignition and combustion indices up to 12 and 10 times higher. The Friedman method determined the apparent activation energies representing the combustion reaction by 132.91 kJ/mol. Regarding spontaneous ignition, the temperature safe limits were predicted to be 83–84 °C and 84–87 °C for cylindrical and box silos with diameter and height of 15 and 10 m, respectively. Calculations of silos were designed within the limits of certain dimension ratios. Graphical Abstract

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Review on Self-Heating of Biomass Materials: Understanding and Description

Cited by 18 publications

References 255 publications

Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications

Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications

A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

Investigation into the combustion kinetics and spontaneous ignition of sweet sorghum as energy resource

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