Influence of the Bioclimatic Area on the Polyphenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Bacteriostatic Activities ofRosmarinus officinalis

Abstract

The effect of the ecological traits of the different bioclimatic areas of the province of Murcia on the chemical variability and antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities of individual rosemary extracts was studied. The main findings confirmed that a high thermicity index, favors both the methanolic extracts yielded by these shrubs and their biological activities. However, differences in their polyphenolic composition should be attributed to the genetic heritage of these plants rather than to the bioclimatic conditions in which they grow. As regards the relationship between the chemical composition of these extracts and their biological activities, it was noted that a high phenolic acid content, especially of rosmarinic acid, may increase the antioxidant activity exhibited by extracts containing high levels of carnosic acid. The bacteriostatic activity was higher (p< 0.05) in those extracts in which carnosic acid was the major component quantified.

Baicalin promotes the bacteriostatic activity of lysozyme on S. aureus in mammary glands and neutrophilic granulocytes in mice

“…Since S. aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium [ 31 ], this suggests that its peptidoglycan cell wall was destroyed, resulting in apoptosis. Measuring the size of the bacteriostatic circle is the standard method to test for bacteriostatic action [ 32 ]. We analyzed the antibacterial activity of LYSO on S. aureus under different concentrations of baicalin.…”

Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil in Rosmarinus officinalis Leaves in Sardinia

“…The production of secondary metabolites is affected, as in many other plants, 14 by environmental conditions; in literature are reported examples of the variability of both polar fraction 15 and volatile organic compounds. 16,17 On the basis of EO composition and the principal compounds characterizing the volatile fraction of rosemary, 3 principal chemotypes can be identified 18 : chemotype I, with a high content of 1,8-cineole; chemotype II, with a content of camphor >20%; chemotype III, with a content of verbenone >15%. Conventionally the chemotypes reported above are also called cineoliferum, camphoriferum, and verbenoniferum, respectively.…”

“…Conventionally the chemotypes reported above are also called cineoliferum, camphoriferum, and verbenoniferum, respectively. Jordan et al 16 reported high variability in rosemary EO composition in wild populations based on several environmental factors. The qualitative and quantitative composition and yield of the EO are influenced by the place of origin, 19 environmental conditions, 20 plant development stage, 21 and harvest time.…”

“…The rosemary EO composition has been reported by several research studies. 16,[29][30][31] A total of 27 compounds, belonging to 6 chemical groups (hydrocarbon monoterpene, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene), were identified as reported in Table 4. Seven compounds represent the predominant chemical fraction of rosemary EO: α-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, borneol, camphor, verbenone, bornyl acetate (Table 4).…”

Antioxidant Activity of Several Essential Oils from Different Rosmarinus officinalis Cultivars Grown in Sanremo (Italy)

“…The chemical composition of rosemary EOs was reported in many papers from the literature and it is well known that several factors influenced their composition [11][12][13][14]. As a consequence of this, the biological activity of rosemary EOs can change [3].…”