Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of PBX 9502 and Kel-F 800™

Blumenthal, W.R.; Gray, G. T.; Idar, D. J.; Holmes, Matthew; Scott, Paul D.; Cady, Carl M.; Cannon, D.D.

doi:10.1063/1.1303562

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A general observation across different PBXs is that room-temperature strain softening at high strain rates occurs in materials with loading densities above approximately 90% by mass (e.g. Blumenthal et al 2000;Siviour et al 2004b), while yield and flow, or elastic deformation, is seen at lower loading densities (e.g. John & Alamo 2000;Balzer et al 2004;Siviour et al 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) Externally applied constraints: strain rate and temperature A large number of studies have looked at the effect of the externally applied strain rate and temperature on the mechanical properties of various different PBXs, measured using quasi-static devices as well as the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB; Hoge 1967;Funk et al 1996;Gray et al 1998Idar et al 1998;John et al 1998;Tasker et al 1998;Blumenthal et al 2000;John & Alamo 2000;Joshi & Lee 2001Balzer et al 2004;Siviour et al 2004a,b;Williamson et al 2004).…”

Section: (B ) Deformation Properties Of Pbxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High strain rate properties of a polymer-bonded sugar: their dependence on applied and internal constraints

et al. 2008

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This paper describes research performed on a polymer-bonded sugar (PBS) consisting of 66% caster sugar in a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder The mechanical response of the PBS and pure HTPB to applied loading at a strain rate of approximately 2000 s K1 at temperatures from K80 to C228C is presented. The materials were also characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, X-ray tomography and quasi-static loading. These measurements are required for the development of intermediate strain rate constitutive models of polymer-bonded explosives, for which PBSs are a commonly used mechanical simulant.The current constitutive modelling suffers from a lack of experimental data on wellcharacterized composites and binders, especially at intermediate strain rates. This is particularly important for understanding the effects of mixing two materials. Applications of such modelling include explosive safety and fundamental understanding of the various deformation mechanisms. In this paper, the dependences of strength and deformation mechanism on temperature, and, in particular, the glass transition temperature of the binder, are shown. Physical damage plays an important role; X-ray tomography scans support debonding as the primary form of damage during roomtemperature deformation. These results are in agreement with previous investigations and are discussed in this context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B ) Deformation Properties Of Pbxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate properties of a polymer-bonded sugar: their dependence on applied and internal constraints

et al. 2008

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“…The specimens were measured at several locations and had an average length, L and diameter, D of 25.401 ± 0.001 mm and 6.342 ± 0.034 mm, respectively. The average density measured from eight specimens was 1.887 ± 0.020 g/cm 3 and corresponded to 97.2 %TMD.…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energetic materials also behave non-linearly and are moderately dependent on both strain rate and temperature. [3] Additionally, PBXʼs contain an energetic component combined with a small quantity of a polymeric binder, generally 5-20 % by weight. [4] The addition of polymeric binder provides several potential advantages for the processing, performance and safety of PBX materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characterization of Mock Explosive Material Using Reverse Taylor Impact Experiments

Ferranti

Gagliardi

Cunningham

et al. 2011

Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6

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The motivation for the current study is to evaluate the dynamic loading response of an inert mock explosive material used to replicate the physical and mechanical properties of LX-17-1 and PBX 9502 insensitive high explosives. The evaluation of dynamic material parameters is needed for predicting the deformation behavior including the onset of failure and intensity of fragmentation resulting from high velocity impact events. These parameters are necessary for developing and validating physically based material constitutive models that will characterize the safety and performance of energetic materials.The preliminary study uses a reverse Taylor impact configuration that was designed to measure the dynamic behavior of the explosive mock up to and including associated fragmentation. A stationary rod-shaped specimen was impacted using a compressed-gas gun by accelerating a rigid steel anvil attached to a sabot. The impact test employed high-speed imaging and velocity interferometry diagnostics for capturing the transient deformation of the sample at discrete times. Once established as a viable experimental technique with mock explosives, future studies will examine the dynamic response of insensitive high explosives and propellants.

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“…The fracture behavior of the PBX specimens has also been studied with uniaxial compression, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] nanoindentation, 20 and Brazilian experiments [21][22][23] at various strain rates. The de-bonding between the energetic crystals and the binder was the main fracture mode observed in the quasistatic experiments.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed X-ray phase contrast imaging of energetic composites under dynamic compression

Parab

Roberts

Harr

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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Fracture of crystals and frictional heating are associated with the formation of “hot spots” (localized heating) in energetic composites such as polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). Traditional high speed optical imaging methods cannot be used to study the dynamic sub-surface deformation and the fracture behavior of such materials due to their opaque nature. In this study, high speed synchrotron X-ray experiments are conducted to visualize the in situ deformation and the fracture mechanisms in PBXs composed of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) crystals and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder doped with iron (III) oxide. A modified Kolsky bar apparatus was used to apply controlled dynamic compression on the PBX specimens, and a high speed synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) setup was used to record the in situ deformation and failure in the specimens. The experiments show that synchrotron X-ray PCI provides a sufficient contrast between the HMX crystals and the doped binder, even at ultrafast recording rates. Under dynamic compression, most of the cracking in the crystals was observed to be due to the tensile stress generated by the diametral compression applied from the contacts between the crystals. Tensile stress driven cracking was also observed for some of the crystals due to the transverse deformation of the binder and superior bonding between the crystal and the binder. The obtained results are vital to develop improved understanding and to validate the macroscopic and mesoscopic numerical models for energetic composites so that eventually hot spot formation can be predicted.

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Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of PBX 9502 and Kel-F 800™

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

High strain rate properties of a polymer-bonded sugar: their dependence on applied and internal constraints

High strain rate properties of a polymer-bonded sugar: their dependence on applied and internal constraints

Dynamic Characterization of Mock Explosive Material Using Reverse Taylor Impact Experiments

High speed X-ray phase contrast imaging of energetic composites under dynamic compression

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