Influence of temperature and humidity on mortality of grapevine phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae clonal lineages: a scientific validation of a disinfestation procedure for viticultural machinery

Korosi, G.A.; Mee, Peter T; Powell, Kevin

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2011.00168.x

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…October is the key month for grape phylloxera establishment, because that is when juveniles ascend from the roots to the foliage; in 2005, October was characterized by both low rainfall and above-normal temperatures (Table 5). According to Korosi et al (2012) high temperatures combined with low relative humidity cause mortality of D. vitifoliae dispersive stages in less than two hours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay

et al. 2013

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Grapevine phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is a worldwide pest of Vitis species. It has forms that feed on leaves and roots. Root forms predominate on Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivars, while leaf forms predominate on Vitis species from its native American range. Recently, high densities of D. vitifoliae infestations in leaves of V. vinifera in Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay have been reported. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal development of grape phylloxera, quantify infestation levels on V. vinifera leaves, and compare them with infestation levels on leaves of a rootstock of American origin. Studies were conducted in two vineyards in Uruguay from 2004–2007. Terminal shoots of 3309 C and Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Tannat, Viognier, grafted onto resistant rootstock, were sampled weekly and leaves examined for gall presence and insect life stage. First galls were detected in early October; eggs began to appear within two weeks. Two oviposition peaks occurred by the end of December, and they coincided with bursts of shoot growth. On 3309C rootstock, oviposition peaks were more frequent than on the European cultivars. Based on thermal accumulation, D. vitifoliae could complete eight generations a year in Uruguay. Rootstock 3309C suffered the greatest damage but in some cases was similar to the European cultivars. Damage to Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Viognier were also high. There were no galls on Tannat. The 2005–2006 season was characterized by low infestation rates caused by a prolonged drought that affected vegetative growth. There were also differences between vineyards, where the vigorous plants suffering more damage. Leaf galling phylloxera incidence and damage were mainly associated to the cultivar but plant vigor and environmental factors also contributed to increase the incidence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay

et al. 2013

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“…Hot water immersion, in contrast, is effective, practical and relatively inexpensive to disinfest many arthropods of quarantine importance (Graham 2007, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization 2009, Gramaje et al 2013 including grape phylloxera (Sakai et al 1985). Studies have recently highlighted differences in response to dry heat and chemical disinfestation treatments across different genetic strains (Korosi et al 2012, Clarke et al 2017. The efficacy of the hot water immersion and steam treatments against phylloxera has not been scientifically verified for endemic strains in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of steam and hot water disinfestation treatments against genetically diverse strains of grape phylloxeraDaktulosphaira vitifoliaeFitch (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) on viticulture equipment and machinery

Clarke

Norng

YuanPeng

et al. 2017

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims In Australia, hot water immersion and steam application are recommended disinfestation strategies for harvesting bins, vineyard machinery and vehicles against grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch. This study validated the effectiveness of these two strategies against genetically diverse phylloxera strains. Methods and Results The first instars of six phylloxera genetic strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20 and G30, were subjected to steam projected from 8 and 24 cm, and from 92 cm for G1 only, for 10, 20 and 30 s. All steam treatments achieved 100% mortality across the six genetic strains. The efficacy of hot water treatment (HWT) against phylloxera was investigated by immersing first instars in a water bath set at 22, 40, 45, 50, 60 and 70°C for 60 and 120 s. Treatments of 50°C and above for a minimum of 60 s resulted in 100% mortality across the six genetic strains. Survival was observed at 40 and 45°C, and first instars subsequently established feeding sites, developed into adults and reproduced on excised grapevine roots. Conclusions Steam application and HWT, as currently recommended in the Australian National Phylloxera Management Protocol, are effective for disinfestation of diverse phylloxera strains. Significance of the Study This study has validated, for the first time, the efficacy of steam application and HWT against phylloxera first instars and highlights the potential to lower the recommendations for treatment duration and water temperature disinfestation while still achieving 100% mortality.

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“…Relative humidity (RH) is very rarely mentioned in the literature and has been studied only by Korosi et al (2012). They found that two phylloxera genotypes survived at 40 °C for 75-90 minutes at 30 % RH, and for over 2 hours at 100 % RH.…”

Section: Suitability Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of different aggressiveness levels in phylloxera strains illustrated above has important implications on the effectiveness of risk reduction options (Korosi et al, 2012), in particular for managing ungrafted vines and in the selection of phylloxera-resistant rootstocks (Powell, 2008).…”

Section: Differences In Phylloxera Aggressivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, certain arrangements currently applied outside the risk assessment area to reduce the probability of spread of the pest from the infested area may help contain the pest, such as the use of buffer zones (e.g. a 2 km buffer zone around Lake Victoria, Australia, is required in NVHSC, 2005), and disinfestation treatments of machinery and clothes (Dunstone et al, 2003;Powell, 2008;Korosi et al, 2012) These options are not yet applied in the risk assessment area but the results obtained in Australia demonstrate their usefulness in combination with other risk reduction options.…”

Section: Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

2014

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for the grapevine insect pest, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (an aphid species commonly known as phylloxera), in the European Union, identified risk reduction options and evaluated the effectiveness of the phytosanitary measures listed in Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Entry was assessed as potentially very likely for plants intended for planting (although the pathway is closed by Article 15 of Annex III) and very unlikely for fruit for consumption because transport and transfer would be very difficult, even though phylloxera has a moderate likelihood of association with the pathway. Establishment is very likely as the pest is already very widespread in the risk assessment area, occurring almost everywhere Vitis plants are present. Successful eradication is very unlikely and small populations can persist undetected in the soil. Spread within the EU is considered to be very likely because there are no effective barriers, it can disperse up to a few kilometres aided by the wind and it can readily be moved long distances with planting material. Grafting with resistant rootstocks throughout the EU ensures that the production of fruit and plants for planting is rarely affected by phylloxera infestations and, if so, only at a limited level. The Panel considers that the IIAII measures for D. vitifoliae do not assist in preventing entry and are ineffective in preventing spread because detection is so difficult. Restricting movements of plants for planting to cuttings grafted on resistant rootstocks, in combination with treatments (e.g. particularly fungicides and hot water treatments), was found to be the most effective risk reduction option. Limitations in the Cyprus protected zone regulations were identified. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (hereinafter the Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Daktulosphaira vitifoliae for the European Union (EU) territory and to identify risk management options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risks to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the current EU requirements against D. vitifoliae, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of these pests into, and their spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the pest risk assessment following the general principles of the ‗Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options' (EFSA PLH Panel, 2010) and the ‗Guidance on methodology for evaluation of the effectiveness of options for reducing the risk of introduction and spread of organisms harmful to plant health in the EU territory' (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012). As D. vitifoliae is already present in 18 EU Member States (in some of which it has been present for more than a century) and has been regulated by the EU, the Pan...

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Influence of temperature and humidity on mortality of grapevine phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae clonal lineages: a scientific validation of a disinfestation procedure for viticultural machinery

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay

Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay

Efficacy of steam and hot water disinfestation treatments against genetically diverse strains of grape phylloxeraDaktulosphaira vitifoliaeFitch (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) on viticulture equipment and machinery

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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