Influence of Surgical Technique on Overall Survival, Disease Free Interval and New  Lesion Development Interval in Dogs with Mammary Tumors

Horta, Rodrigo dos Santos; Lavalle, Gleidice Eunice; Cunha, Rúbia Monteiro de Castro; Moura, Larissa Layara de; Araújo, Roberto Baracat de; Cassali, Geovanni Dantas

doi:10.4236/abcr.2014.32006

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study only 10.49% of animals had metastasis. The proportion of cases with malignant tumors (76.92%) observed in the present study was substantially superior to 50%, as reported by Allen et al (1986), Carvalho et al (2006) and Horta et al (2014), but not so different than 83,3% and 86%, as reported by Dileepkumar et al (2014) and Terzian et al (2007), respectively.…”

Section: Models Were Adjusted For the Interaction Of Tds And Time To contrasting

confidence: 62%

Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects

et al. 2016

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Mammary gland tumors are the most common type of tumors in bitches but research on survival time after diagnosis is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival time after mastectomy and a number of clinical and morphological variables. Data was collected retrospectively on bitches with mammary tumors seen at the Small Animal Surgery Clinic Service at the University of Brasília. All subjects had undergone mastectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard method. Of the 139 subjects analyzed, 68 died and 71 survived until the end of the study (64 months). Mean age was 11.76 years (SD=2.71), 53.84% were small dogs. 76.92% of the tumors were malignant, and 65.73% had both thoracic and inguinal glands affected. Survival time in months was associated with age (hazard rate ratios [HRR] =1.23, p-value =1.4x10 -4 ), animal size (HRR between giant and small animals =2.61, p-value =0.02), nodule size (HRR =1.09, p-value =0.03), histological type (HRR between solid carcinoma and carcinoma in a mixed tumor =2.40, p-value =0.02), time between diagnosis and surgery (TDS, with HRR =1.21, ), and the interaction TDS*follow-up time (HRR =0.98, ). The present study is one of the few on the subject matter. Several important covariates were evaluated and age, animal size, nodule size, histological type, TDS and TDS*follow up time were identified as significantly associated to survival time. INDEX TERMS: Canine, mammary gland tumors, histopathology, prognosis, survival, bitches. ), e a interação TDC*tempo de seguimento (HRR = 0,98, p valor = 1.6x10 -11 ). O presente estudo é um dos poucos sobre o assunto. Várias covariáveis importantes foram avaliadas e idade, tamanho do animal, o tamanho do nódulo, tipo histológico, TDC e TDC*tempo de seguimento foram identificados como significativamente associado ao tempo de sobrevida.

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Section: Models Were Adjusted For the Interaction Of Tds And Time To contrasting

confidence: 62%

Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects

et al. 2016

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“…Breed predisposition is not well established in the literature, since the difference may be related to the profile of the canine population at each survey. However, the incidence was similar to what is described by other authors [17,25,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this study, 48.6% (109/255) of the dogs had more than one lesion, and 85% of dogs (217/255) had at least one malignant mammary gland tumour. These results are similar to those described by other surveys [2,12,17], in which 60% of the dogs presented multiple tumours in more than one mammary gland with different histopathological diagnoses among them, although these is not be related to multicentric disease or worse prognosis [35]. Cassali [4] states that about 50% of breast neoplasms are benign and that carcinomas correspond to approximately 45%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology of Canine Mammary Gland Tumours in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Silva

Oliveira

Horta

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Breast tumours represent about 50 to 70% of all neoplasms in female dogs and their occurrence is directly related to the reproductive status and patient´s age. The purpose of this research was to apply the Brazilian consensus on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumours and to and define the regional epidemiological aspects of canine mammary gland tumours in Vitoria metropolitan region (ES, Brazil) between 2012 and 2016 and to correlate the macroscopic characteristics such as lesion size and location of the neoplasm with histopathological diagnosis, tumours grade and lymph node metastasis.Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected from the archives of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of UVV and the clinical files of the patients seen in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler in 5 years (2012 to 2016). The animals were separated into groups by age to facilitate classification in the group with the highest occurrence of neoplasms. The evaluation of the macroscopic characteristics was performed through the histopathological record described in the pathology laboratory, for each patient, at the time of the initial evaluation. After descriptive analysis, data was correlated using Spearmann test, and frequency dispersion was evaluated using chi-square test, both in the software Graph Pad Prism v. 6.01. This study included 255 bitches and diagnosis of 486 lesions, once 48.6% of the dogs had more than one lesion. 86.8% of lesions were consistent with actual mammary neoplasms, of which 67% were malignant and 20% were benign. Non-neoplastic lesions corresponded to 7.2% of cases and 5.8% were extra-mammary neoplasms, with an increased incidence of lipomas (39.3%) and mast cell tumours (32.1%). Cross-breed dogs represented 26.7% of cases. Poodles (25.5%), Pinschers (9.8%) and Dachshund (4.7%) were overrepresented. Among mammary glands, the most affected with 30.8% and 25.4% were for inguinal and caudal abdominal mammary gland, respectively.Regarding the histopathological grade, 43.7% of the malignant mammary gland tumours were grade I, 40% grade II and 16.2% grade III. The neoplasms smaller than 3 cm in diameter, corresponded to 43.7% malignant neoplasms, of which 75 corresponded to grade I. Those larger or equal to 3-5 cm in diameter corresponded to 22.1% malignant neoplasm, of which 31 corresponded to grade II, and those larger than 5 cm in diameter corresponded to 25.8% malignant neoplasms, of which 34 corresponded to grade II. Macroscopic ulceration was reported in 35/486 neoplasms; of these, 85.7% were malignant. Necrosis was evidenced, microscopically in 11.7% of malignant neoplasms and there was a weak, positive correlation between the occurrence of necrosis and ulceration (P < 0.0001; rs = 0.223), which also correlated with tumour size and histological grade. Of these patients, 24.4% had metastases, and of these, 8.8% presented macroscopic abnormalities in the lymph node. Discussion:Older dogs are at higher risk of developing malignant mammary gland tumour when compared to young bitches, most neoplasms with a histopathological grade III occurred in animals older than 10 years, in agreement with the literature. Age increasing might be related to more biologically aggressive mammary gland tumours. Early neutering is commonly recommended to prevent proliferative abnormalities in the mammary glands, but it has been related to several disorders, and neoplasms, in some breeds. Multiple tumours in more than one mammary gland with different histopathological diagnoses among them, isn’t related to multicentric disease or worse prognosis, as also seen in this survey.Among mammary glands, the inguinal and caudal abdominal are often the most affected,as it was observed in this study; however, no differences were observed in the occurrence of malignant neoplasms, benign or non-neoplastic. Background: Breast tumours represent about 50 to 70% of all neoplasms in female dogs and their occurrence is directly related to the reproductive status and patient´s age. The purpose of this research was to apply the Brazilian consensus on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumours and to and define the regional epidemiological aspects of canine mammary gland tumours in Vitoria metropolitan region (ES, Brazil) between 2012 and 2016 and to correlate the macroscopic characteristics such as lesion size and location of the neoplasm with histopathological diagnosis, tumours grade and lymph node metastasis.Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected from the archives of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of UVV and the clinical files of the patients seen in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler in 5 years (2012 to 2016). The animals were separated into groups by age to facilitate classification in the group with the highest occurrence of neoplasms. The evaluation of the macroscopic characteristics was performed through the histopathological record described in the pathology laboratory, for each patient, at the time of the initial evaluation. After descriptive analysis, data was correlated using Spearmann test, and frequency dispersion was evaluated using chi-square test, both in the software Graph Pad Prism v. 6.01. This study included 255 bitches and diagnosis of 486 lesions, once 48.6% of the dogs had more than one lesion. 86.8% of lesions were consistent with actual mammary neoplasms, of which 67% were malignant and 20% were benign. Non-neoplastic lesions corresponded to 7.2% of cases and 5.8% were extra-mammary neoplasms, with an increased incidence of lipomas (39.3%) and mast cell tumours (32.1%). Cross-breed dogs represented 26.7% of cases. Poodles (25.5%), Pinschers (9.8%) and Dachshund (4.7%) were overrepresented. Among mammary glands, the most affected with 30.8% and 25.4% were for inguinal and caudal abdominal mammary gland, respectively.Regarding the histopathological grade, 43.7% of the malignant mammary gland tumours were grade I, 40% grade II and 16.2% grade III. The neoplasms smaller than 3 cm in diameter, corresponded to 43.7% malignant neoplasms, of which 75 corresponded to grade I. Those larger or equal to 3-5 cm in diameter corresponded to 22.1% malignant neoplasm, of which 31 corresponded to grade II, and those larger than 5 cm in diameter corresponded to 25.8% malignant neoplasms, of which 34 corresponded to grade II. Macroscopic ulceration was reported in 35/486 neoplasms; of these, 85.7% were malignant. Necrosis was evidenced, microscopically in 11.7% of malignant neoplasms and there was a weak, positive correlation between the occurrence of necrosis and ulceration (P < 0.0001; rs = 0.223), which also correlated with tumour size and histological grade. Of these patients, 24.4% had metastases, and of these, 8.8% presented macroscopic abnormalities in the lymph node. Discussion:Older dogs are at higher risk of developing malignant mammary gland tumour when compared to young bitches, most neoplasms with a histopathological grade III occurred in animals older than 10 years, in agreement with the literature. Age increasing might be related to more biologically aggressive mammary gland tumours. Early neutering is commonly recommended to prevent proliferative abnormalities in the mammary glands, but it has been related to several disorders, and neoplasms, in some breeds. Multiple tumours in more than one mammary gland with different histopathological diagnoses among them, isn’t related to multicentric disease or worse prognosis, as also seen in this survey.Among mammary glands, the inguinal and caudal abdominal are often the most affected,as it was observed in this study; however, no differences were observed in the occurrence of malignant neoplasms, benign or non-neoplastic.

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“…The choice of surgical technique depends on the extent of the disease, the size and location of the lesion, and lymphatic drainage (59). Horta et al (2014) (35) evaluated the influence of surgery in female dogs with mammary tumors and concluded that it does not affect overall survival, disease-free interval, or the development of new lesions. Chemotherapy is indicated for adjuvant treatment in dogs with advanced staging (i.e., regional or distant metastases) or mammary neoplasms with unfavorable prognoses.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumors: benign mixed tumors, carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas

Cassali¹,

Damasceno²,

Bertagnolli³

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Pathol.

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Mammary neoplasms are the most frequent tumors in female dogs. Of these neoplasms, benign mixed tumors (BMTs) and carcinomas in mixed tumors (CMTs) represent a large proportion of small animal oncology diagnoses. Together with carcinosarcomas (CSs), these three neoplastic entities are characterized by the proliferation of benign or malignant epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal cells, depending on their histological types. This histological heterogeneity, in addition to their molecular heterogeneity, confers these tumors with distinct biological behavior, which results in the need for different clinical and therapeutic approaches. The present consensual document elucidates the oncological issues related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of BMTs, CMTs, and CSs of the canine mammary gland.

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Influence of Surgical Technique on Overall Survival, Disease Free Interval and New Lesion Development Interval in Dogs with Mammary Tumors

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects

Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects

Epidemiology of Canine Mammary Gland Tumours in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Consensus regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumors: benign mixed tumors, carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas

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