Influence of Surfactants on Sodium Chloride Crystallization in Confinement

Qazi, Mohsin; Liefferink, Rinse W.; Schlegel, Simon J.; Backus, Ellen H. G.; Bonn, Daniel; Shahidzadeh, Noushine

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00244

Cited by 75 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For instance, the compressive modulus and ionic conductivity of DMAPS‐NaAc (i.e., A 0 D 15 –NaAc 1.2 ) prepared by 15 wt% DMAPS and a NaAc mass ratio of 1.2 was 4.64 MPa and 0.85 S m −1 , respectively. The poly(3‐dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate) (PDMAPS) chains can reduce the size of NaAc·3H 2 O crystals due to its surfactant‐like amphiphilic structure in Figure S12 in the Supporting Information . These results prove that crystallization within the hydrogel is a versatile and efficient method to prepare tough gel for salt‐insensitive hydrogel systems.…”

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confidence: 87%

Dissolution–Crystallization Transition within a Polymer Hydrogel for a Processable Ultratough Electrolyte

et al. 2019

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to be faced. Therefore, it's necessary to develop a new nonliquid electrolyte with comprehensive performance for fulfilling various energy devices.Hydrogel electrolyte with hydrated salt crystal may be a new candidate to solve the above requirements by the introduction of new phase. The hydrated salt crystals, as one kind of industrial liquid-solid phase change materials, can be immobilized into hydrogel by the facile dissolution-crystallization transition. The demonstrated polymer gel electrolyte with NaAc·3H 2 O crystal as aligned porous template was designed by the in situ supersaturated crystallization of NaAc. [16,17] The introduction of inorganic crystal into polymer hydrogel can form the inorganic-organic composite with enhanced mechanical strength due to hydrogen bond or other synergistic effects. [18,19] The bound hydrated salt can suppress the electrochemical activity of water and broaden operating voltage of aqueous electrolyte [20] due to the strong interaction with water molecules, similar to the solvation sheath in "waterin-salt" electrolyte. [21][22][23] The high-concentrated salts within crystal-type gel can also efficiently reduce the freezing point and increase the boiling point of aqueous solutions. [24] At last, the hydrated salt crystal can endow gel electrolytes with thermalresistant performance through liquid-solid phase transition accompanied by endothermic and exothermic phenomena. [25,26] All in all, the crystal-type composite gel electrolyte can realize the comprehensive performance, including ultrahigh toughness, high operating voltage, extreme temperature tolerance, and good interfacial compatibility by a facile dissolution-crystallization transition approach.In this work, the pioneering crystal-type composite gel with excellent performance was prepared using a facile method that employed the crystallization of NaAc. There are only three main components in the precursor solution (Figure 1a,b): distilled water, abundant soluble salt, and a certain amount of monomer (or macromolecule). First, a high concentration of the salt solution was prepared by dissolving excessive soluble salt in the distilled water at high temperature. Then, the hydrogel was formed by UV irradiation for monomer solution (Figure 1c). Finally, the supersaturated salt within hydrogel was initiated to crystallize by placing a small crystal particle as seed on the surface of the hydrogel, and soon the crystal-type composite gel with extensive soluble salt crystals was obtained (Figure 1d). Typically, the crystal-type composite gel containing 15 wt% acrylamide (AAm) monomer and a certain quality of

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confidence: 87%

Dissolution–Crystallization Transition within a Polymer Hydrogel for a Processable Ultratough Electrolyte

et al. 2019

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“…Interestingly, the CTAB concentration (0.06 mM) at the inflection point is in good agreement with reported CMC values of CTAB and is also consistent with a decrease of the CMC due to the addition of the electrolyte NaCl. Qazi et al reported that the addition of NaCl to CTAB solution drastically shifts the CMC of CTAB from ~1 mM without salt (water) to ~0.02 mM at high NaCl concentration (5.5 M); this effect may be attributed to the fact that the addition of salts in ionic (cationic) surfactants decreases the electrical double layer thickness of the dissociated and electrically charged head groups, allowing closer approach and prevalence of the attractive van der Waals forces. To validate the finding that the concentration at which the inflection point of the SERS calibration curve (Figure ) coincides with the CMC of CTAB surfactant in a 0.5‐M NaCl solution, the CMC value was also measured using conductometry and fluorescence probing, two methods widely used for CMC determination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as a tool to study cationic surfactants exhibiting low critical micelle concentration

Mathioudakis

Beobide

Bokias

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The collection of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by silver nanocolloids was used to identify the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of three cationic surfactants in 0.5‐M NaCl solutions: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and benzalkonium chloride. Despite structural similarity between the three test surfactans, differences of the shape and size of the respective micelles affected the corresponding SERS signals. The CMC values determined by this method agreed with the respective values measured by conventional methods, including fluorescence probing and electrical conductivity measurements. The potential for the application of SERS technique for low CMC determination without surface modification of silver nanoparticles by a Raman‐active molecule was also demonstrated.

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“…NaCl of 99% purity as supplied by Sigma-Aldrich was used to make an aqueous solution close to solubility [5.5 m, the molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent]. Only those surfactants were used that were stable at 5.5 m NaCl solution, as reported in an earlier study (Qazi et al 2017). The two surfactants used were: cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (critical micelle concentration CMC 0.9E−3 M, 99% purity, Sigma-Aldrich) and a nonionic surfactant Tween 80 (CMC 10 mg/l, proteomics grade purity, Amresco Ltd).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, apart from wettability enhancers, surfactants can also act as crystallization modifiers (Rodriguez-Navarro et al 2000;Sonin et al 1998;Myatt et al 1994;Qazi et al 2017;Chen et al 2015). Surfactants, by virtue of their ability to adsorb at the interfaces, can preferentially adsorb on selective crystal faces, thereby altering their overall shape, size and other properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfactants, by virtue of their ability to adsorb at the interfaces, can preferentially adsorb on selective crystal faces, thereby altering their overall shape, size and other properties. Surfactants have also been shown to act as nucleation inhibitors; because they can passivate impurities by absorbing on them, they can induce high supersaturations (Qazi et al 2017) prior to salt precipitation. The latter can lead to serious consequences as the crystals forming at higher supersaturation could eventually exert an even higher crystallization pressure (Flatt et al 2007;Espinosa-Marzal and Scherer 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants

2018

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The evaporation of salt (NaCl) solutions from porous media is studied in the presence of surfactants, because surfactants are often used as cleaning agents for salt-contaminated stones. We show that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, the presence of the surfactant and the changed wetting properties do not affect the drying kinetics: The impact of the surfactants is rather that of a crystallization modifier for the salt. Upon adding a cationic or nonionic surfactant to salt solution, the drying rate is unchanged initially, but can slow down dramatically at later times due to the formation of a salt crust at the surface. When this happens, the total drying time increases compared to pure NaCl solutions without surfactants, at least for very porous stones for which the pores become completely blocked. Surprisingly, for a low-porosity stone the small pores at the surface remain open. The longer drying time for the large porosity stone increases the risk of, e.g., frost or fungal damage to the stones. Consequently, the use of surfactants in conservation treatments should be done with caution.

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Influence of Surfactants on Sodium Chloride Crystallization in Confinement

Cited by 75 publications

References 67 publications

Dissolution–Crystallization Transition within a Polymer Hydrogel for a Processable Ultratough Electrolyte

Dissolution–Crystallization Transition within a Polymer Hydrogel for a Processable Ultratough Electrolyte

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as a tool to study cationic surfactants exhibiting low critical micelle concentration

Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants

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