Influence of surface-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on CdS nanohybrids for effective photocatalytic hydrogen production

Gopannagari, Madhusudana; Kumar, D. Praveen; Park, Hanbit; Kim, Eun Hwa; Bhavani, P.; Reddy, D. Amaranatha; Kim, Tae Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.009

Cited by 89 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consequently, the synthesis method for the CNT-based composite should be flexible and combinable so that a variety of novel semiconductors can be loaded with the CNTs. More recently, Gopannagari et al [109] successfully synthesized a composite photocatalysts based on platinum (Pt), CdS, and surface-modified CNTs. Before loading the CdS nanorods, the employed MWCNTs were twice under surface modifications to produce various functional groups to capture metal particles, therefore the strength of interfacial interactions could be well ensured.…”

Section: Synthesis and Applications Of Carbonaceous Photocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review

2019

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Photocatalytic processes based on various semiconductors have been widely utilized in different applications, with great potential for use in environmental pollution remediation and sustainable energy generation. However, critical issues, including low light adsorption capability, wide energy bandgap, and unsatisfactory physicochemical stability still seriously limit the practical applications of photocatalysts. As a solution, the introduction of carbonaceous materials with different structures and properties into a photocatalyst system to further increase the activity has attracted much research attention. This mini review surveys the related literatures and highlights recent progress in the development of carbonaceous photocatalysts, which include various metal semiconductors with activated carbon, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, fullerene, and carbon sponges/aerogels. Moreover, graphitic carbon nitride is also discussed as a carbon-rich and metal-free photocatalyst. The recently developed synthesis strategies and proposed mechanisms underlying the photocatalytic activity enhancement for different applications are summarized and discussed. Finally, ongoing challenges and the developmental direction for carbonaceous photocatalysts are proposed.

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Section: Synthesis and Applications Of Carbonaceous Photocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( b ) Schematic illustration demonstrating mechanism of H 2 production via photocatalytic water splitting by Pt–Af–CNT/CdS ternary composite. Adapted with permission from Reference [109]. Copyright (2018) Elsevier.…”

Section: Figures Scheme and Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review

2019

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“…Next Figure 5b shows the XPS spectrum of S-2p core level which displayed two binding energy peaks around 160.78 and 161.94 eV corresponding to the S-2p3/2 and S-2p1/2 respectively. The two binding energy peaks separated by 1.16 eV is characteristic of S 2-in CdS structure [44,45]. Figure 5a,b also shows the XPS spectra of C-18, C-24 and C-48 samples.…”

Section: Morphological and Structural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Controlled Growth and Bandstructure Properties of One Dimensional Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods for Visible Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2020

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One dimensional (1D) metal sulfide nanostructures are one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting reactions to produce hydrogen (H 2 ). However, tuning the nanostructural, optical, electrical and chemical properties of metal sulfides is a challenging task for the fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts. Herein, 1D CdS nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by a facile and low-cost solvothermal method, in which reaction time played a significant role for increasing the length of CdS NRs from 100 nm to several micrometers. It is confirmed that as the length of CdS NR increases, the visible photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity also increases and the CdS NR sample obtained at 18 hr. reaction time exhibited the highest H 2 evolution activity of 206.07 µmol.g −1 .h −1 . The higher H 2 evolution activity is explained by the improved optical absorption properties, enhanced electronic bandstructure and decreased electron-hole recombination rate.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 619 2 of 17 evolution reactions [18][19][20][21][22][23]. It is testified that the photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity of CdS greatly depends on its crystal structure, morphology, crystallinity and size [24], and all these parameters directly impact the band structures, bandgap energy and further electron-hole separation processes. Therefore, the design and synthesis of CdS nanostructures with higher surface areas, charge separation efficiency and with abundant active sites are indeed important.Meanwhile, one dimensional (1D) CdS nanostructures have received particular attention for the visible photocatalytic H 2 evolution reactions due to their distinctive geometrical and electronic properties, which can provide large aspect-ratio, direct pathways for charge transport and decouple the direction of charge carrier collection [25,26]. In addition to the fast and long-distance photoexcited electron transport, high length-to-diameter of 1D nanostructures could improve the light absorption and scattering, which benefits the photocatalysis [27][28][29][30][31]. As a result, 1D nanostructures offer a suitable platform for understanding fundamental concepts about the roles of dimensionality and size in optical, electrical, and for photocatalytic solar energy conversion applications [27,32]. Among the several methods for the preparation of 1D CdS, the solvothermal approach is one of the ideal methods due to its simplicity, low cost, scalability, possibilities for the precise control of nucleation/growth, crystal structure, size and morphology [33]. Mostly, 1D CdS nanorods were synthesized by using ethylenediamine as solvent, for example, Jang et al utilized the solvothermal approach and obtained CdS nanowires at different reaction temperatures and times [34]. Next, Li et al. synthesized CdS nanorods (NRs) by using the hydrothermal method in which ethylenediamine acts as the template and coordination agent [35]. The results showed that the photocatalytic H 2 evolution activities of CdS samples depend on the crystallinity, morphology and s...

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“…Additionally, it is well known that nanocarbon mate-rials (e.g., graphene [291,[315][316][317][318][319], carbon quantum dots [211,236,257,320,321], carbon black [322], carbon fiber [323][324][325] and carbon nanotubes [78,[326][327][328]) have been considered as outstanding promoters for photocatalytic performances. The attraction is attributed to their superior adsorption capacity, unique electronic conductivity, nontoxicity, low cost, high stability, and large surface area.…”

Section: Schottky Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured CdS for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution: A review

et al. 2020

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention owing to their strong visible light absorption, suitable band energy levels, and excellent electronic charge transportation properties. This review focuses on the recent progress related to the design, modification, and construction of CdS-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic H 2 evolution performances. First, the basic concepts and mechanisms of photocatalytic H 2 evolution are briefly introduced. Thereafter, the fundamental properties, important advancements, and bottlenecks of CdS in photocatalytic H 2 generation are presented in detail to provide an overview of the potential of this material. Subsequently, various modification strategies adopted for CdS-based photocatalysts to yield solar H 2 are discussed, among which the effective approaches aim at generating more charge carriers, promoting efficient charge separation, boosting interfacial charge transfer, accelerating charge utilization, and suppressing charge-induced self-photocorrosion. The critical factors governing the performance of the photocatalyst and the feasibility of each modification strategy toward shaping future research directions are comprehensively discussed with examples. Finally, the prospects and challenges encountered in developing nanostructured CdS and CdS-based nanocomposites in photocatalytic H 2 evolution are presented.

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Influence of surface-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on CdS nanohybrids for effective photocatalytic hydrogen production

Cited by 89 publications

References 60 publications

Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review

Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review

Controlled Growth and Bandstructure Properties of One Dimensional Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods for Visible Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Nanostructured CdS for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution: A review

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