Influence of stocking density and exposure to white spot syndrome virus in biological performance, metabolic, immune, and bioenergetics response of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Apún-Molina, Juan Pablo; Robles-Romo, Arlett; Álvarez-Ruíz, Píndaro; Santamaría‐Miranda, Apolinar; Arjona, Olivia; Racotta, Ilie S.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.06.027

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In fact, the values of AEC observed in this study are substantially lower than those above 0.8 that have been reported in rested unstressed L. vannamei under optimal culture conditions(Robles-Romo et al, 2014). High densities used in this study (300-900 shrimp/m 3 ) could explain such low levels althoughApún- Molina et al (2017) failed to obtain differences due to shrimp density at a lower level (20 vs. 100 shrimp/m 2 ). In contrast, lower levels of Arg-P found in B and BS shrimp could be attributed to escape energy expenditure that organisms may have experienced during sampling as capture was more difficult in trouble waters, in accordance to a strong depletion of Arg-P during escape response(Robles-Romo et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 80%

“…Although it is assumed that high density represents a stressful situation that affects growth, survival and resistance to pathogens (Araneda, Pérez & Gasca-Leyva, 2008;Lin et al, 2015), few studies have analysed the physiological components normally involved in stress response (Aguilar et al, 2012;Apún-Molina et al, 2017). A recent concept proposed in stress physiology is the energy-limited tolerance to stress in which re-allocation of energy to different processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adenylate energetic charge (AEC) is an energetic status index of cells at a given time. Thus, it represents another important physiological tool affected by different stressors, such as high ammonia concentrations (Marazza, Bornens & Le Gal, 1996), hypoxia (Abe, Hirai & Okada, 2007), pH levels (Wang, Wang, Chen, Liu & Sun, 2002), escape response (Robles-Romo, Zenteno-Savín & Racotta, 2016) and exposure to white spot syndrome virus (Apún-Molina et al, 2017). A decreased level of arginine phosphate (Arg-P), an immediate source of energy for tissues, was also detected in several crustaceans under conditions of acute stress (Abe et al, 2007; Robles- Romo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zootechnical and physiological responses of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae reared in bioflocs and subjected to stress conditions during nursery phase

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to assess zootechnical and physiological performance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) reared in three environments (CW, clear water; B, biofloc; BS, biofloc with artificial substrates) at three stocking densities (300, 600, 900 PL/m3) for 8 weeks. At the end of experimentation, shrimp were subjected to hypoxia, and physiological response was again assessed. During rearing, low levels of total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite (NO2̄) and nitrate (NO3̄) were observed in B and BS for 600 and 900 PL/m3. For 300 PL/m3, a slight accumulation of NO2̄ and NO3̄ was detected. For the same stocking density, shrimp reared in B and BS showed significantly higher weights than those grown in CW, except for final weight. No significant differences were observed in survival. The use of biofloc and artificial substrates permitted doubling density from 300 to 600 PL/m3 without affecting growth, survival, feed conversion rate and obtaining twice the biomass. Shrimp grown in B and BS stored a surplus of glycogen and carbohydrates in their hepatopancreas, which probably gave them a better physiological capacity to counteract high‐stocking densities and hypoxia. A tendency of a higher adenylate energetic charge was observed in shrimp maintained in B and BS.

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confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zootechnical and physiological responses of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae reared in bioflocs and subjected to stress conditions during nursery phase

et al. 2019

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“…In spite of the permissible stocking density of 60/m 2 for P. vannamei culture in India (CAA, ), small farmers choose a 40/m 2 stocking rate due to the fear of disease outbreaks in higher densities, infrastructure availability and farmer's experience. Higher stocking density was the primary cause of many problems associated with pond mismanagement and disease outbreak (Apún‐Molina et al, ). Intensive aeration in fish ponds seems to be economically viable under medium‐intensity management strategies (Kumar et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the new generation aeration systems efficiency and water current flow rate, its relation to the cost economics at varying salinities for Penaeus vannamei culture

et al. 2020

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The selection of aerators and correct numbers can play an essential role in reducing the cost of production in aquaculture. The new generation aerators, namely spiral leaf, air‐jet, submersible and impeller, used in aquaculture, were assessed for its aeration efficiency and energy cost compared with the commonly used paddle wheel aerator. Of the aerators tested, the impeller had the highest aeration efficiency of 2.098 kg O2/kW hr, followed by paddle wheel with 1.436 kg O2/kW hr at 20‰ salinity. The spiral and air‐jet aerators had maximum aeration efficiency of 1.326 and 1.419 kg O2/kW hr, respectively, at 35‰ salinity. The submersible aerator was not efficient as its maximum efficiency was 0.380 kg O2/kW hr. The water flow by paddle wheel was 3 ft/sec and also provides better coverage than other types of aerators. The efficiency of aerators was high in optimum salinities (20‰ and 35‰) than the low or high saline condition. The average energy cost of shrimp pond aeration per hectare was lowest for impeller, followed by paddle wheel aerator. The study provided economic comparisons of vannamei culture using different aeration systems by keeping a uniform set of economic assumptions. Shrimp farms with impellors can give 14%–25% high returns across salinities, whereas spiral leaf can provide 5% high returns at 35‰ salinity. The combination of the type of aerators and the calculated use based on the salinity of the culture systems can result in energy‐saving and also a reduction in the production cost.

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“…Shrimp haemolymph samples from each tank were collected in pools of three to obtain ∼400 µL/shrimp every 0, 6, 12 and 48 h post-treatment. A one mL syringe (27 G ×13 mm needle) was used for rinsing with 5% potassium oxalate in isotonic saline (850 mOsm/kg) to obtain haemolymph from the ventral sinus (base of the first abdominal segment Apun-Molina et al, 2017;Guemez-Sorhouet et al, 2019). The pools of haemolymph samples were centrifuged at 800× g for 10 min at 4 • C, after which the plasma was removed and the pellet was washed with 250 µL of cold PBS centrifugation as described above.…”

Section: Haemolymph Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a new Argovit as an antiviral agent included in feed to protect the shrimpLitopenaeus vannameiagainst White Spot Syndrome Virus infection

Romo-Quiñonez

Sánchez

Álvarez-Ruíz

et al. 2020

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In this study, four experimental assays were conducted to evaluate the use of a new silver nanoparticle formulation named Argovit-4, which was prepared with slight modifications to enhance its biological activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp culture. The goals of these assays were to (1) determine the protective effect of Argovit-4 against WSSV, (2) determine whether Argovit-4 supplemented in feed exhibits toxicity towards shrimp, (3) determine whether Argovit-4 as antiviral additive in feed can prevent or delay/reduce WSSV-induced shrimp mortality, and (4) determine whether Argovit-4 supplemented in feed alters the early stages of the shrimp immune response. In bioassay 1, several viral inocula calibrated at 7 SID50(shrimp infectious doses 50% endpoint) were exposed to 40, 100, 200 and 1,000 ng/SID50 of Ag+ and then intramuscularly injected into shrimp for 96 h. In bioassay 2, shrimp were fed Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at different concentrations (10, 100 and 1,000 µg per gram of feed) for 192 h. In bioassay 3, shrimp were treated with Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at different concentrations and then challenged against WSSV for 192 h. In bioassay 4, quantitative real-time RT-qPCR was performed to measure the transcriptional responses of five immune-relevant genes in haemocytes of experimental shrimp treated with Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The intramuscularly injected Argovit-4 showed a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the cumulative shrimp mortality from 0–96 h post-infection. In the second bioassay, shrimp fed Argovit-4 supplemented in feed did not show signs of toxicity for the assayed doses over the 192-h experiment. The third and fourth bioassays showed that shrimp challenged with WSSV at 1,000 µg/g feed exhibited reduced mortality without altering the expression of some immune system-related genes according to the observed level of transcriptional. This study is the first show that the new Argovit-4 formulation has potential as an antiviral additive in feed against WSSV and demonstrates a practical therapeutic strategy to control WSSV and possibly other invertebrate pathogens in shrimp aquaculture.

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Influence of stocking density and exposure to white spot syndrome virus in biological performance, metabolic, immune, and bioenergetics response of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Cited by 32 publications

References 86 publications

Zootechnical and physiological responses of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae reared in bioflocs and subjected to stress conditions during nursery phase

Zootechnical and physiological responses of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae reared in bioflocs and subjected to stress conditions during nursery phase

Assessment of the new generation aeration systems efficiency and water current flow rate, its relation to the cost economics at varying salinities for Penaeus vannamei culture

Evaluation of a new Argovit as an antiviral agent included in feed to protect the shrimpLitopenaeus vannameiagainst White Spot Syndrome Virus infection

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