Influence of Static Strength Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors

Koning, F. L. De; Binkhorst, R. A.; Vissers, A. C. A.; Vos, Jan Albert

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026057

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…introduction Training-induced changes in neuromuscular performance can be characterized by specific enhancements in maximal strength (9,16,26), in the isometric force-time curve (13,29,30,31), or in the force-velocity curve (3,14,19). These improvements in performance with strength training may take place in several components of the neuromuscular system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Neuromuscular Performance in Voluntary and Reflex Contraction during Strength Training in Man

Häkkinen¹,

Komi²

1983

Int J Sports Med

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Eleven male subjects went through heavy resistance strength training 3 times a week for 16 weeks. The training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercise for the knee extensor muscles with loads of 80%-120% of one maximum repetition in the squat lift. The investigation was undertaken to examine effects of strength training on neuromuscular performance both in voluntary and reflex contractions with special interest in their possible relationships. In addition to a large (P less than 0.001) increase in maximal isometric force and a more (P less than 0.05) economical activation of the knee extensor muscles, significant (P less than 0.05) improvements were noted in isometric force-time parameters, which were related (P less than 0.05) to the increase in the fast-twitch/slow-twitch (FT/ST) muscle fiber area ratio. No changes were observed in reflex time components, but the relative change in reflex electromechanical delay (EMD) was related (P less than 0.05) to the relative change in the FT/ST area ratio. A significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the reflex electromyogram (EMG), was noted during the training, and a decrease (P less than 0.05) in reflex EMG/force ratio was related (P less than 0.02) to the change in maximal integrated electromyogram (iEMG)/force ratio of the voluntary contraction. The decrease of reflex EMG may indicate a change in sensitivity of the muscle spindle. The interrelationship between the changes in EMG/force ratios of the reflex and voluntary contractions suggests that the mechanical response of individual muscle fibers of the respective motor units has improved.

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Changes in Neuromuscular Performance in Voluntary and Reflex Contraction during Strength Training in Man

Häkkinen¹,

Komi²

1983

Int J Sports Med

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“…The intensive training program carried out by the oarsmen and the athletes competing in tug-of-war was not effective in improving the force-velocity characteristics of muscle contraction. In most studies published so far on this subject (3,8,9,12), increases in maximal static strength as well as dynamic strength at relatively low speeds of contraction have been mentioned. It is conceivable that the disagreement observed here results from differences in the initial state of training of the subjects participating in the studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The FVC of the arm flexors was established according to a slightly modified version of the procedure described previously (8). Briefly, at the start of all measurement sessions the subjects were carefully instructed about the test procedure and were given an opportunity to become acquainted with the apparatus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors of Active Sportsmen

Koning¹,

Vos²,

Binkhorst³

et al. 1984

Int J Sports Med

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of specific types of muscle training, performed by previously well-trained competitive athletes, on the force-velocity relationship of the arm flexors. Four rowers, five athletes competing in tug-of-war, and six middle- and long-distance runners were measured at different stages of their training program during the period of 1 training year. The runners performed no special arm training and were included for comparative purposes. A record was made of the type and intensity of training. The force-velocity curve (FVC) was established by measuring the torques (M) and corresponding angular velocities (omega) of maximal arm flexions against different constant torques. Using Hill's equation: (M + a) (omega + b) = constant, a best fitting curve was calculated through the points of measurement. Two-way analysis of variance revealed only few statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes in the parameters describing the course of the FVC. The results suggest that the force-velocity characteristics of muscle of previously well-trained sportsmen can hardly be influenced.

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The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and arm-trained athletes

Koning

Binkhorst

Vos

et al. 1985

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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The force-velocity curve (FVC) of arm flexion was established in 123 untrained males and 110 untrained females aged from 15 to 36 years, and 48 arm-trained athletes competing in different sport disciplines. The FVC was described by Hill's equation and defined by the parameters: maximal static moment (M0), maximal angular velocity (omega 0), maximal power (P0) and the concavity of the FVC (H). Within the given age range the level of the curve parameters of both untrained men and women was independent of age. On average, H was the same in all three groups. As compared to M0 of the untrained males, M0 of the athletes was 33% higher and M0 of the females was 38% lower; with regard to P0 these differences were +30% and -43% respectively. omega 0 was the same for trained and untrained males, whereas omega 0 of the women was 10% lower than omega 0 of the men.

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Influence of Static Strength Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Changes in Neuromuscular Performance in Voluntary and Reflex Contraction during Strength Training in Man

Changes in Neuromuscular Performance in Voluntary and Reflex Contraction during Strength Training in Man

Influence of Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors of Active Sportsmen

The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and arm-trained athletes

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