Influence of Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors of Active Sportsmen

Koning, F. L. De; Vos, Jan Albert; Binkhorst, R. A.; Vissers, A. C. A.

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025879

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…F mean , mean force output; F mean /BM, ratio of mean force output to body mass; STD_ FF, standard deviation of force fluctuations; R FF/Fmean , ratio of the force fluctuations to mean force output; ApEn, approximate entropy; Pulse gain, amplitude-duration regression slope of force pulse. ***Non-athlete > Tug-of-war, P ≤ 0.001; † Tug-of-war > Non-athlete, P < 0.05; † † † Tug-of-war > Non-athlete, P < 0.001. differences between the tug-of-war athletes and nonathletes in the following aspects: [1] force characteristics (F mean , F mean /BM, and normalized tracking error); [2]) force fluctuation properties (STD_ FF , R FF/Fmean , and ApEn); [3]) spectral parameters of force fluctuations (mean frequency and spectral dispersion); and [4]) force pulse variables (pulse amplitude, pulse duration, and pulse gain). The levels of significance for the Hotelling's T 2 statistics and post-hoc comparisons were 0.05 using Bonferroni correction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Force Gradation between Tug-of-War Athletes and Non-Athletes during Rhythmic Force Tracking at High Exertion Levels

2016

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There is little knowledge regarding the force production capacities of tug-of-war athletes, who undergo years of high-load strength training on handgrip muscles. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the force-grading strategies of tug-of-war athletes by examining force fluctuation properties at high exertion levels. Sixteen tug-of-war athletes and sixteen sedentary non-athletes performed sinusoidal handgrip grip at 50%-100% of maximal effort at 0.5 Hz under visual guidance. Force outputs of the designate task were recorded with a strain gauge. Force fluctuations were separated from the rhythmic output of the target rate in the handgrip force. In addition to a comparable normalized tracking error, the tug-of-war athletes exhibited a greater mean force output (Fmean) and a higher ratio of mean force output (Fmean) to body mass than the non-athletes. The athletes also had lower approximate entropy (ApEn) and a lower mean frequency of force fluctuations than the non-athletes, despite a similar relative size of force fluctuations for the two groups. The scaling of the fundamental element (force pulses) of force fluctuations was also group-dependent, with a greater pulse gain (duration-amplitude regression slope) than the non-athletes. The tug-of-war athletes exhibited superior force-generating capacity and more economic force-grading as compared with the non-athletes, without additional costs to task accuracy and force steadiness, during a highly-demanding rhythmic force task.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Force Gradation between Tug-of-War Athletes and Non-Athletes during Rhythmic Force Tracking at High Exertion Levels

2016

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“…The first of these analyzed the influence of specific types of muscle training, performed by previously well-trained competitive athletes on the force-velocity of the arm flexors. In particular, four rowers, five athletes competing in TOW and six middle- and long-distance runners were measured at different stages of their training program over the period of one training year [ 24 ]. The main conclusion is that variation in the type, intensity, and volume of arm training throughout a year hardly affected the course of the force-velocity curve of the arm flexors of well-trained athletes [ 24 ].…”

Section: Kinetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, four rowers, five athletes competing in TOW and six middle- and long-distance runners were measured at different stages of their training program over the period of one training year [ 24 ]. The main conclusion is that variation in the type, intensity, and volume of arm training throughout a year hardly affected the course of the force-velocity curve of the arm flexors of well-trained athletes [ 24 ]. The second research study analyzed the plyometric strength training effects of elite male tuggers, related to Defend Fast Break (DFB) and Attack Fast Break (AFB), before and after practice [ 25 ].…”

Section: Kinetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Cayero

Rocandio

Zubillaga

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes, defined as early as 4000 years ago (as a rope-less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings, and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art of TOW. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous information has been published on this topic. Anthropometric parameters for competitors are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 mL/kg/min. In terms of relative strength, the dynamic leg power is 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. Injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder–upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases, namely the “drop”, “hold” and “drive” phases. The maximal pulling force was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in the static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles: indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important in determining a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. A waist belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in TOW entails a high degree of dorsal muscle activity during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82 ± 5.59 for two contenders to 19.74 ± 2.22 for eight athletes, 6.4% in the sum of two pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5% of the pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.

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“…The main conclusion described that variation in the type, intensity, and volume of arm training throughout a year hardly affected the course of the force-velocity curve of the arm flexors of well-trained athletes [24]. The second research analyzed the plyometric strength training effects of elite male tuggers, related to Defend Fast Break (DFB), and Attack Fast Break (AFB) before and after practice [25]. The Parameters of DFB, the time of the peak pull force, the minimal pull force, the action response time and the average of force before and after the training, presented significant level.…”

Section: Kinetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review

Cayero¹,

Rocandio²,

Calleja-González³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes and defined as early (4000 years ago as a rope less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art about of TOW. For the best of the author’s knowledge no previous information has been published.

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Influence of Training on the Force-Velocity Relationship of the Arm Flexors of Active Sportsmen

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Differences in Force Gradation between Tug-of-War Athletes and Non-Athletes during Rhythmic Force Tracking at High Exertion Levels

Differences in Force Gradation between Tug-of-War Athletes and Non-Athletes during Rhythmic Force Tracking at High Exertion Levels

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review

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