Influence of soil fumigation and source of strawberry plants on population densities of spores and infective propagules of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi

McGraw, Anne Cressey; Hendrix, James W.

doi:10.1007/bf02374335

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The proportion of viable spores was always greater than the proportion of spores that could germinate. It is possible that spores that do not germinate the first year following formation may persist in the soil for several years without losing viability (McGraw and Hendrix 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dead spores may persist in soil for extended periods (McGraw and Hendrix 1986), and it is difficult to discriminate dead spores from viable spores based on appearance (Lee and Koske 1994). The inclusion of dead spores in calculations of spore density, particularly when dead spores make up a high proportion of the total spores, is likely to provide an erroneous impression of spore density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Sun

Tang

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay. A considerable proportion of the spores in the rhizosphere were dead despite their intact appearance. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses of spores to determine species identity revealed that both viable spores and dead spores with contents were identified. The accurate identification of spores at different developmental stages on the basis of morphology requires considerable experience. Our findings suggest that surveys of AM fungal communities based on spore enumeration and morphological and molecular identification are likely to be inaccurate, primarily because of the large proportion of dead spores in the rhizosphere. A viability check is recommended prior to spore molecular identification, and the use of trap cultures would give more reliable morphological identification results. We show that the abundance and activity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere can be determined by calculating the density of viable spores and the density of spores that could germinate. The adoption of these methods should provide a more reliable basis for further AM fungal community analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Sun

Tang

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Soil fumigation as expected virtually eliminated propagules in the surface soil (Menge 1982;McGraw and Hendrix 1986) but by the end of the growing season, population densities had recovered to the levels in nonfumigated plots. Fumigation had little effect below the level of soil disturbance by tillage equipment, i.e.…”

Section: Soil Fumigation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The influence of crop rotation and soil fumigation on a mycorrhizal fungal community associated with soybean

Hendrix

Hershman

et al. 1993

Mycorrhiza

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Abstract. Population densities of mycorrhizal fungal propagules in a western Kentucky field highly productive for soybean were measured by bioassay throughout a soybean production season. The primary experimental variables were crop rotation (soybeans in 1985, then 2 years in corn, milo, rescue, or soybean, then soybean in 1988 on all plots when populations of propagules were determined) and soil fumigation with 67% methyl bromide/33% chloropicrin. Of the 20 species in three genera found, Glomus predominated both in terms of number of species and population densities. Most species of Glomus occurred at higher population densities in rotated plots than in continuous soybean plots. In continuous soybean plots, species of Gigaspora made up a much higher proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community than in rotated crops. Species richness and diversity were lower, and dominance and equitability higher, in nonfumigated continuous soybean plots than in rotated plots early in the season, but the differences were not present at the end of the season. Soil fumigation killed most propagules in the upper 15 cm of soil, but after production of a crop of soybeans, populations of total propagules and most Glomus spp. recovered to prefumigation densities. However, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gigantea did not recover similarly. Fumigation reduced species richness and diversity and increased dominance, but the effects were ameliorated by the end of the season. Colonization of roots was low during vegetative growth but increased rapidly after the onset of soybean reproduction. There was no evidence for mutualism during the early half of the season, perhaps due to high soil P and low dependency of soybean. Fumigation increased soybean yields. A stable mycorrhizal fungal community appeared to become established with continuous soybean production, and both crop rotation and soil fumigation disrupted the community.Correspondence to: J. W. Hendrix

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“…The conventional practice of the soil lying bare from autumn through to a spring sowing may be detrimental to AM fungi. Spore densities may drop drastically during longer fallow periods, as has been reported for arable crops (Black & Tinker, 1977;McGraw & Hendrix, 1986). In vertisolic soils of Northern Australia many crops grow poorly after long fallows (> 12 months).…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of management practices on mycorrhizal infection, growth and dry matter partitioning in field-grown bean

Oliveira

Sanders

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The experiment was carried out on unsterilized field soil with low phosphorus availability with the objective of examining the effect of cultural practices on mycorrhizal colonization and growth of common bean. The treatments were: three pre-crops (maize, wheat and fallow) followed by three soil management practices (ploughing, mulching and bare fallow without "ploughing" during the winter months). After the cultural practices, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Canadian Wonder was grown in this soil. Fallowing and soil disturbance reduced natural soil infectivity. Mycorrhizal infection of the bean roots occurred more rapidly in the recently cropped soil than in the fallow soil. Prior cropping with a strongly mycorrhizal plant (maize) increased infectivity even further.

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Influence of soil fumigation and source of strawberry plants on population densities of spores and infective propagules of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

The influence of crop rotation and soil fumigation on a mycorrhizal fungal community associated with soybean

Effect of management practices on mycorrhizal infection, growth and dry matter partitioning in field-grown bean

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