The enhancement of diamond nucleation by atomic silicon microaddition is demonstrated. From the observation by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the mechanism of bias-enhanced nucleation (BEN) with atomic silicon microaddition is discussed. We propose two nucleation processes, namely, i) generation in condensed amorphous carbon (a-C) and ii) carbon cohesion with the adsorbed silicon atom as the core. It is shown that the nucleation process ii) induces highly oriented diamond growth on Si substrates. #