Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Ohms, Haley A.; Sloat, Matthew R.; Reeves, Gordon H.; Jordan, Chris E.; Dunham, Jason B.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-2013-0274

Cited by 54 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Larger females also attract more potential mates, acquire high-quality spawning sites, mobilize larger substrate, and dig deeper nests (Fleming and Reynolds 2004;Steen and Quinn 1999). Consequently, female salmonines are more frequently anadromous (Morita and Nagasawa 2010;Ohms et al 2014) and on average mature at larger sizes and older ages than males (Hendry et al 2004;Jonsson and Jonsson 1993).…”

Section: Fitness Trade-offs In Partially Migratory Salmoninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While migration distance is often considered an important factor affecting salmonine life history patterns (Hendry et al 2004), we found only one study that directly assessed migration distance on anadromy across populations at varying distances from the ocean. In that study, Ohms et al (2014) hypothesized that residency in male O. mykiss would be more common when migration distance was greater, in which case the sex ratios of outmigrating smolts should be female-biased (Table 4). However, analysis of data from eight North American O. mykiss populations with migration distances ranging from ϳ1 to 1200 km found no association between Fig.…”

Section: Freshwater Migration Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, migration cost should influence such expression (Hendry et al 2004;Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). However, most existing studies (which are limited in number) use migration distance or elevation gain as a proxy for rigor (rather than measuring survival or energy costs empirically), which does not necessarily appear to strongly regulate the balance of life histories in O. mykiss (e.g., Ohms et al 2014). Additionally, existing studies, models, and observations relating migration cost and marine mortality to O. mykiss life history patterns have found varying results, perhaps because of the species' strong swimming abilities or because distance is not an adequate covariate for cost of migration.…”

Section: Influence Of Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns

Kendall

McMillan

Sloat

et al. 2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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210

224

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Abstract:Oncorhynchus mykiss form partially migratory populations with anadromous fish that undergo marine migrations and residents that complete their life cycle in fresh water. Many populations' anadromous components are threatened or endangered, prompting interest in understanding ecological and evolutionary processes underlying anadromy and residency. In this paper, we synthesize information to better understand genetic and environmental influences on O. mykiss life histories, identify critical knowledge gaps, and suggest next steps. Anadromy and residency appear to reflect interactions among genetics, individual condition, and environmental influences. First, an increasing body of literature suggests that anadromous and resident individuals differ in the expression of genes related to growth, smoltification, and metabolism. Second, the literature supports the conditional strategy theory, where individuals adopt a life history pattern based on their conditional status relative to genetic thresholds along with ultimate effects of size and age at maturation and iteroparity. However, except for a generally positive association between residency and high lipid content plus a large attainable size in fresh water, the effects of body size and growth are inconsistent. Thus, individuals can exhibit plasticity in variable environments. Finally, patterns in anadromy and residency among and within populations suggested a wide range of possible environmental influences at different life stages, from freshwater temperature to marine survival. Although we document a number of interesting correlations, direct tests of mechanisms are scarce and little data exist on the extent of residency and anadromy. Consequently, we identified as many data gaps as conclusions, leaving ample room for future research.Résumé : Les truites arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) forment des populations partiellement migratrices incluant des individus anadromes qui effectuent des migrations marines et des individus résidents dont le cycle biologique se déroule entièrement en eau douce. Les éléments anadromes de nombreuses populations sont menacés ou en voie de disparition, ce qui suscite un intérêt envers la compréhension des processus écologiques et évolutionnaires qui sous-tendent l'anadromie et la résidence. Nous présentons une synthèse de l'information disponible dans le but de mieux comprendre les influences génétiques et environnementales sur les cycles biologiques d'O. mykiss, de cerner les lacunes critiques en matière de connaissances et de proposer des avenues de recherche future. L'anadromie et la résidence semblent témoigner d'interactions entre la génétique, l'état des individus et des influences environnementales. D'abord, de plus en plus d'études donnent à penser que les individus anadromes et résidents diffèrent sur le plan de l'expression des gènes associés à la croissance, à la smoltification et au métabolisme. Deuxièmement, la documentation appuie la théorie de la stratégie conditionnelle selon laquelle les individus adoptent un m...

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Section: Fitness Trade-offs In Partially Migratory Salmoninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freshwater Migration Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns

Kendall

McMillan

Sloat

et al. 2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

Self Cite

210

224

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“…Previous studies have found that the sex ratio of juvenile steelhead approximates 50:50 (male : female) prior to migration (Hausch and Melnychuk ; Ohms et al. ; Thompson et al. ), while out‐migrating smolts are frequently female‐biased (Peven et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Ohms et al. ) in steelhead and other salmonid species (Jonsson and Jonsson ; Jonsson et al. ; Hendry et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Release, Size, and Maturation Status Influence Residualism in Hatchery Steelhead

Tatara

Larsen

Cooper

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that fail to emigrate seaward after release from hatcheries, commonly referred to as “residuals,” can have negative impacts on natural populations ranging from competition and predation to interbreeding with returning anadromous adults. We investigated how age at release, size, and maturation status influenced the rate of residual production in hatchery summer‐run steelhead released from the Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (Methow River, Washington) between 2010 and 2015. Migration data from 21,598 individuals implanted with PIT tags identified 1,783 residual steelhead expressing two distinct phenotypes: immature male and female parr; and precociously mature males. We found that age at release significantly affected the predominant residual phenotype. Age‐1 steelhead residuals (S1 rearing strategy) were dominated by smaller parr of both sexes (fish < 146 mm FL), while age‐2 residuals (S2 rearing strategy) were dominated by mature males, although both phenotypes were present in both S1 and S2 residual groups. Collections of residual steelhead in the Methow River indicated that parr phenotype residuals grew as well as natural‐origin juvenile O. mykiss, suggesting potential competition for food resources and habitat. Detections of PIT tags within the Methow River basin indicated that precocious male residuals may overlap both spatially and temporally with previously documented spawning anadromous adults, posing a potential genetic management risk. Both residual phenotypes had poor overwinter survival, and only 1 of the 1,783 residual fish eventually returned to the Methow River as an anadromous adult. We conclude that the ecological and genetic consequences of residual steelhead far outweigh their potential contribution to anadromous production, and measures should be taken to reduce their production by changing hatchery rearing practices.

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Restricted gene flow between resident Oncorhynchus mykiss and an admixed population of anadromous steelhead

Matala

Allen²,

Narum

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The species Oncorhynchus mykiss is characterized by a complex life history that presents a significant challenge for population monitoring and conservation management. Many factors contribute to genetic variation in O. mykiss populations, including sympatry among migratory phenotypes, habitat heterogeneity, hatchery introgression, and immigration (stray) rates. The relative influences of these and other factors are contingent on characteristics of the local environment. The Rock Creek subbasin in the middle Columbia River has no history of hatchery supplementation and no dams or artificial barriers. Limited intervention and minimal management have led to a dearth of information regarding the genetic distinctiveness of the extant O. mykiss population in Rock Creek and its tributaries. We used 192 SNP markers and collections sampled over a 5‐year period to evaluate the temporal and spatial genetic structures of O. mykiss between upper and lower watersheds of the Rock Creek subbasin. We investigated potential limits to gene flow within the lower watershed where the stream is fragmented by seasonally dry stretches of streambed, and between upper and lower watershed regions. We found minor genetic differentiation within the lower watershed occupied by anadromous steelhead (FST = 0.004), and evidence that immigrant influences were prevalent and ubiquitous. Populations in the upper watershed above partial natural barriers were highly distinct (FST = 0.093) and minimally impacted by apparent introgression. Genetic structure between watersheds paralleled differences in local demographics (e.g., variation in size), migratory restrictions, and habitat discontinuity. The evidence of restricted gene flow between putative remnant resident populations in the upper watershed and the admixed anadromous population in the lower watershed has implications for local steelhead productivity and regional conservation.

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Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 54 publications

References 49 publications

Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns

Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns

Age at Release, Size, and Maturation Status Influence Residualism in Hatchery Steelhead

Restricted gene flow between resident Oncorhynchus mykiss and an admixed population of anadromous steelhead

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