Influence of Sex-Linked Feathering Phenotypes of Parents and Progeny Upon Lymphoid Leukosis Virus Infection Status and Egg Production

Abstract

Data were collected on egg production, livability, lymphoid leukosis virus and antibody incidence, and hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells for slow- and fast-feathering female progeny from slow- and fast-feathering dams with known lymphoid leukosis virus infection status. Analyses of these results indicate that when the offspring or the dams are of the slow-feathering type, the offspring experience an increased rate of horizontal infection. This infection seemingly leads to an immunologically tolerant condition with an inability to produce specific lymphoid leukosis virus antibodies, thereby allowing the viremia to persist. This immunologically tolerant condition, which also occurs in the progeny of virus positive dams due to congenital transmission, is associated with depressed egg production performance. However, a hypothesized lack of immunological competence was not found in the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells late in life. Our results suggest that fast-feathering progeny of slow-feathering dams may also be adversely influenced by increased congenital infection from their dams.

The feathering gene is linked to degranulation and oxidative burst not cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression levels orSalmonella enteritidisorgan invasion in broilers

“…However, most of the studies involving the immune function of fast-feathering and slow-feathering chickens are directed towards viral immunity or antibody production (Bacon et al , 1986;Smith & Fadly, 1988;Fadly & Smith, 1997;Smith & Crittenden, 1998). Slow-feathering progeny from a slowfeathering dam displayed an ''inadequate immune response'' based on increased viral infections and decreased antibody production indicating a poor acquired immune response (Harris et al , 1984). The equivalent slow-feathering progeny from slow-feathering dams in the present study were the SM and SF.…”

Genotype Frequencies of the Sex-Linked Feathering and Their Phenotypes in Domestic Chicken Breeds for the Establishment of Auto-Sexing Strains

“…(Hurry and Nordskog, 1953;Plumart and Mueller, 1954;Saeki and Katsuragi, 1961;Goodman and Muir, 1965;Somes, 1970 Dunnington andSiegel, 1986), 일부 연구자들은 성장율과 이들 형질간에 관련이 없다고도 하였다 (Hays, 1951;Godfrey and Farnsworth, 1952;Lowe et al, 1965). 또한 조우성 개체들의 산 란능력이 만우성 개체에 비해 우수하고 (Martin, 1929;Somes, 1970;Harris et al, 1984), 난중도 높고, 초산일령도 빠름을 보고 하였다 (Lowe et al, 1965). 반면 계란 내 난황 콜레스테롤이나 리보플라빈, 비타민 B12와 같은 내부 난질과 조만성 간에는 거의 관련이 없다고 하였다 (Collins et al, 1968(Collins et al, , 1970.…”

“…반면 계란 내 난황 콜레스테롤이나 리보플라빈, 비타민 B12와 같은 내부 난질과 조만성 간에는 거의 관련이 없다고 하였다 (Collins et al, 1968(Collins et al, , 1970. 생존율과 깃털 조만성 간에는 밀접한 관련이 있음을 보고하고 있는데 만우성 유전 자가 ev21 유전자와 매우 가깝게 연관되어 있어 lymphoid leucosis virus에 대한 감염율을 증가시키고 따라서 폐사율을 증가 시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다 (Harris et al, 1984;Bacon et al, 1988;Fadly, 1988, 1994;Iraqi and Smith, 1995). 이와 더 불어 조만성 유전자 좌위에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되어 조우성 유전자와 만우성 유전자의 분자유전학적 식별 방법을 개발하고 (Smith and Levin, 1991;Tixier-Boichard et al, 1994 Iraqi andSmith, 1995), 나아가 만우성 개체의 homozygous와 heterozygous의 구분도 가능함을 제시하였다 (Elferink et al, 2008 …”

“…, 1977, SAFRS, 2011. 이러한 깃털감별법(feathersexing)은 조우성(rapid-feathering)과 만우성(slow-feathering)에 관여하는 유전자(K, k + )가 Z 염색체에 위치하기 때문에 (Bacon et al, 1988;Lakshmanan et al, 1992;Iraqi and Smith, 1995;Bitgood, 1999Elferink et al, 2008 (Spillman, 1908;Punnett, 1923;Nickerson, 1944;Bitgood, 1988;Campo, 1991;Kerje et al, 2003;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009;Hellstrom et al, 2010), 왜소유전자 (Hutt, 1959;Bernier and Arscott, 1960;Cole and Austic, 1980;Stewart et al, 1984;BurghelleMayeur et al, 1989;Tixier-Boichard et al, 1990;Merat et al, 1994;Vasilatos-Younken et al, 1997;Cole, 2000), 색소침 착억제유전자 (Bitgood, 1985(Bitgood, , 1988Levin et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 2000;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009), 만우성유전자 (Somes, 1969(Somes, , 1975Harris et al, 1984;Bacon et al, 1986Bacon et al, , 1988Smith and Nelsen, 1993;Bitgood, 1999;Fotsa et al, 2001;Hamoen et al, 2001;Khosravinia, 2009), 안구돌출유전 자 (Bitgood and Whitley, 1986;…”

Sex‐linked feathering alleles(k, k+)in chickens of diverse genetic backgrounds

“…In chicks vaccinated for Marek's disease, Lowe and Garwood (1981) found greater mortality in K/w than in k+/w females from 0 to 20 weeks and 20 to 40 weeks of age. Harris et al (1984) attributed greater susceptibility to lymphoid leukosis virus of K/w than k+/w females to an inability to produce appropriate antibodies, and, hence, early feathering offspring of K/w dams were probably adversely affected through congenital infection from their dams. The stress of lowered brooding temperature for newly hatched chicks reduced body weight gains (Renwick et al, 1985) and increased serum corticosteroid levels (Scott and Washbum, 1985).…”