Influence of selenium and zinc on performance, blood constituents, and immune response in stressed calves

Reffett, J. K.; Spears, J. W.; Hatch, Patricia A.; Brown, T. T.

doi:10.1007/bf02916522

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Three additional Se injections on days 70, 114, and 149 did not influence weaning weight (209 days), but did increase blood Se at weaning. There are increased weight gains in the first 14 days after an IM Se injection (0.07 mg/kg) in calves with low initial Se status 18 . Supplementation of steers entering the feed lot with vitamin E and Se did not have a significant effect on ADG or the average number of days animals were sick 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Parenteral Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation of Weaned Beef Calves

Swecker

Hunter

Shanklin

et al. 2008

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The weaning process in beef calves elicits physiological stress responses that can negatively affect performance and health. Supplementation of vitamins and minerals, particularly selenium (Se) and vitamin E, might be warranted.Hypothesis: That parenteral administration of Se or vitamin E would correct or prevent deficiencies of these nutrients in postweaned beef calves during a backgrounding period (42 days after weaning).Animals: One hundred and forty-four weaned steers (200-250 kg) in 3 trials. Methods: One trial was conducted with cattle on a dry lot fed a total mixed ration and 2 trials were conducted on cattle on pasture. Selenium was administered at 0.05 mg/kg BW (SC) and vitamin E was administered at 1500 IU on days 0 and 28 (SC).Results: A treatment effect attributable to Se or vitamin E supplementation on average daily gain was not detected in any trials. Parenteral supplementation with Se on days 0 and 28 resulted in higher serum Se concentrations as compared with controls on day 42. Parenteral supplementation with Se on days 0 and 28 improved Se status from marginal to adequate in 1 trial. Parenteral supplementation with vitamin E did not improve serum vitamin E concentrations in any experiment.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Supplementation with vitamin E or Se or a combination of both did not have a significant effect on calf performance during the 42-day backgrounding period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Parenteral Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation of Weaned Beef Calves

Swecker

Hunter

Shanklin

et al. 2008

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Selenium status did not affect weight gains in the present study. In a previous study (Reffett et al, 1986), a single i.m. Se injection tended to increase gain in stressed calves with low initial Se status during the first 14 d following transport and marketing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Selenium Effects on Glutathione Peroxidase and the Immune Response of Stressed Calves Challenged with

Stabel

Spears

Brown

et al. 1989

Journal of Animal Science

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The present study was conducted to determine whether a marginal Se deficiency affects health, blood characteristics and the immune response of calves subjected to stresses associated with weaning, shipping (332 km) and Pasteurella hemolytica inoculation. Treatments were 1) -Se, 2) -Se/P. hemolytica, 3) +Se (.1 mg Se/kg feed) and 4) +Se/P. hemolytica. Previous Se intake was controlled; dams of -Se calves were fed diets marginally deficient in Se (.03 to .05 mg/kg), whereas dams of +Se calves received a s.c. injection of 30 mg Se (as sodium selenite) every 60 d. Calves were inoculated with P. hemolytica intratracheally on d 3 following weaning and transport. Inoculation with P. hemolytica increased (P less than .05) body temperatures, platelet counts, serum IgM concentrations and serum antibody titers and decreased serum albumin concentrations at 4 to 7 d postinoculation. Weight gains for the 21-d study were not affected by Se status, although whole blood and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were higher (P less than .05) for +Se calves. Plasma GSH-Px increased (P less than .01) in calves showing signs of morbidity. Increases in plasma GSH-Px were correlated positively with body temperature. Serum IgM concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in +Se calves on d 17, but Se-supplemented calves had lower (P less than .05) anti-P. hemolytica titers on d 17 than -Se calves. Selenium status did not affect body temperatures, plasma creatine phosphokinase or serum IgG and albumin concentrations. These results indicate that Se status can affect IgM concentrations following stress.

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“…Because the idiosyncratic cuticle damage that accompanies Se deficiency appears when Zn is withdrawn and disappears when Se (but no additional Zn) is added and because reproduction drops when Zn is withdrawn and is partly restored when Se is added (Figs. 1 and 2 (25) have measured enzyme levels in calves that were unintentionally marginally deprived of Se, intentionally deprived of Zn, and intentionally treated with added Zn, Se, or both. Although their goals were distinct from ours, they manipulated their test animals and measured results in a manner that supports our hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) Se ameliorates damage resulting from Zn limitation; i.e., Zn loss causes a drop in Cu,Zn-SOD (14,17,19,20) and added Se increases GSH peroxidase when Zn is low (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium deficiency induced by zinc deprivation in a crustacean

Pb²

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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For intact daphnids reared in circumstances of controlled trace element exposure, one consequence of insufficient zinc (Zn) is an increased demand on the animal's pool of available selenium (Se). This demand is manifested by the type of cuticle deterioration associated with Se deficiency and by a depression of reproduction. In the presence of 25 parts per billion (ppb) Zn, 1 ppb Se eliminates these symptoms. In the absence of detectable Zn, 5 ppb Se eliminates overt cuticle damage and substantially increases reproduction. A shortening of life span resulting from Zn deprivation is not ameliorated by Se addition. We suggest that the interplay between Zn and Se concentrations reflects an underlying interplay between interdependent, but distinct, metabolic pathways; i.e., (for Se) glutathione peroxidase and (for Zn) Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-each offering protection against free radical damage. Because they are not necessarily localized in a given tissue, the key to recognition of such subtle, complex trace nutrient interactions has been use of intact animals in circumstances of control previously attainable only in tissue cultures.Little specific information concerning the trace element requirements of zooplankters exists. For example, although more than 100 eukaryotic enzymes have been shown to depend on zinc (Zn) (1), no certain proof that Zn is required by a Cladoceran has been published. This reflects more the limitations of the state of the art in animal culture than an absence of common eukaryotic enzymes in zooplankters. Extensive observation of healthy animals under explicit chemical conditions is necessary for determination of trace element requirements, and such observation has not been possible with zooplankters until recently (2).The significance of trace elements in the structuring of aquatic communities has long been acknowledged (3, 4). Yet, in the absence of secure data, only reasonable speculation about the requirements of a specific organism for a specific trace element or the effects on community structure of such requirements has been possible. There is great diversity among the trace element matrices found in various fresh waters. Of particular interest have been the influences on community structure of idiosyncratically low or high concentrations of single elements (5) or of sets of elements (6). As phytoplankton culture became more sophisticated and suitable chelators (7) fostered more qualitative and quantitative control of trace elements in cultures, absolute requirements for most of the trace elements currently identified as essential by nutritionists were recognized as essential for various phytoplankters (8). Zooplankton work has lagged behind.Reflecting the generalized absence of basic proofs of trace element essentiality for zooplankters, our original intent had been simply to withdraw Zn from both the food and ambient water and to produce symptoms of severe deficiency for the first time in a daphnid culture. However, a complex response, involving an induced selenium (Se) defi...

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Influence of selenium and zinc on performance, blood constituents, and immune response in stressed calves

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Parenteral Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation of Weaned Beef Calves

Parenteral Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation of Weaned Beef Calves

Selenium Effects on Glutathione Peroxidase and the Immune Response of Stressed Calves Challenged with

Selenium deficiency induced by zinc deprivation in a crustacean

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