Influence of secondary water supply systems on microbial community structure and opportunistic pathogen gene markers

Li, Huan; Shang, Li; Tang, Wei; Yang, Yang; Zhao, Jianfu; Xia, Siqing; Zhang, Wei‐xian; Wang, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.031

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…q‐PCR : Bacterial 16S rRNA genes, Legionella spp., L.pneumophila, Mycobacterium spp., M. avium , and Acanthamoeba spp. and V. vermiformis were quantified using q‐PCR methods optimized for drinking water samples . In brief, triplicate q‐PCR reactions were performed using a 7500 real‐time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, MA, USA) in a 10 µL reaction system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains

Wang

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2018

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains

Wang

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2018

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“…These are all critical aspects related to Legionella persistence in man-made systems that contribute to a higher or lower legionellosis risk. The studies considered in Table 1 cover different water settings, including cooling towers [55][56][57], premise plumbing from hospitals [51,52,54,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64] and hotels [45,48,[64][65][66][67][68][69], residential potable water systems [46,70,71], and other facilities [72][73][74][75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Main Research Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial communities-antagonists or promoters of Legionella persistence [51,55,56,58,74,76] Protozoa and biofilm niches for Legionella growth [60,70,72,[74][75][76][77] 2.1.1. Legionella Widespread…”

Section: Microbiome and Bacterial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella and Biofilms—Integrated Surveillance to Bridge Science and Real-Field Demands

2021

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Legionella is responsible for the life-threatening pneumonia commonly known as Legionnaires’ disease or legionellosis. Legionellosis is known to be preventable if proper measures are put into practice. Despite the efforts to improve preventive approaches, Legionella control remains one of the most challenging issues in the water treatment industry. Legionellosis incidence is on the rise and is expected to keep increasing as global challenges become a reality. This puts great emphasis on prevention, which must be grounded in strengthened Legionella management practices. Herein, an overview of field-based studies (the system as a test rig) is provided to unravel the common roots of research and the main contributions to Legionella’s understanding. The perpetuation of a water-focused monitoring approach and the importance of protozoa and biofilms will then be discussed as bottom-line questions for reliable Legionella real-field surveillance. Finally, an integrated monitoring model is proposed to study and control Legionella in water systems by combining discrete and continuous information about water and biofilm. Although the successful implementation of such a model requires a broader discussion across the scientific community and practitioners, this might be a starting point to build more consistent Legionella management strategies that can effectively mitigate legionellosis risks by reinforcing a pro-active Legionella prevention philosophy.

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“…At the microbial community levels, chlorine reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylotypes [20] and created a more homogenous bacterial population [21]; while at the molecular levels, a decrease in DNA concentrations has been observed with an increase of chlorine exposure time [22]. It is common to perform dechlorination in drinking water microbiome studies [23][24][25][26] although some studies have demonstrated the detrimental effect of chlorine on the bacterial cells and their DNA [27][28][29] that challenges the interpretation of DNA-based studies in chlorinated DWDSs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no evaluation study has been done addressing the effect of biomass amount (i.e., filtration volume) and residual chlorine on the DNA yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of DNA extraction yield from a chlorinated drinking water distribution system

et al. 2021

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Desalination technology based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane filtration has been resorted to provide high-quality drinking water. RO produced drinking water is characterized by a low bacterial cell concentration. Monitoring microbial quality and ensuring membrane-treated water safety has taken advantage of the rapid development of DNA-based techniques. However, the DNA extraction process from RO-based drinking water samples needs to be evaluated regarding the biomass amount (filtration volume) and residual disinfectant such as chlorine, as it can affect the DNA yield. We assessed the DNA recovery applied in drinking water microbiome studies as a function of (i) different filtration volumes, (ii) presence and absence of residual chlorine, and (iii) the addition of a known Escherichia coli concentration into the (sterile and non-sterile, chlorinated and dechlorinated) tap water prior filtration, and directly onto the (0.2 μm pore size, 47 mm diameter) mixed ester cellulose membrane filters without and after tap water filtration. Our findings demonstrated that the co-occurrence of residual chlorine and low biomass/cell density water samples (RO-treated water with a total cell concentration ranging between 2.47 × 102–1.5 × 103 cells/mL) failed to provide sufficient DNA quantity (below the threshold concentration required for sequencing-based procedures) irrespective of filtration volumes used (4, 20, 40, 60 L) and even after performing dechlorination. After exposure to tap water containing residual chlorine (0.2 mg/L), we observed a significant reduction of E. coli cell concentration and the degradation of its DNA (DNA yield was below detection limit) at a lower disinfectant level compared to what was previously reported, indicating that free-living bacteria and their DNA present in the drinking water are subject to the same conditions. The membrane spiking experiment confirmed no significant impact from any potential inhibitors (e.g. organic/inorganic components) present in the drinking water matrix on DNA extraction yield. We found that very low DNA content is likely to be the norm in chlorinated drinking water that gives hindsight to its limitation in providing robust results for any downstream molecular analyses for microbiome surveys. We advise that measurement of DNA yield is a necessary first step in chlorinated drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) before conducting any downstream omics analyses such as amplicon sequencing to avoid inaccurate interpretations of results based on very low DNA content. This study expands a substantial source of bias in using DNA-based methods for low biomass samples typical in chlorinated DWDSs. Suggestions are provided for DNA-based research in drinking water with residual disinfectant.

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Influence of secondary water supply systems on microbial community structure and opportunistic pathogen gene markers

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains

Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains

Legionella and Biofilms—Integrated Surveillance to Bridge Science and Real-Field Demands

Evaluation of DNA extraction yield from a chlorinated drinking water distribution system

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