Influence of seasons on the management and outcomes acute myocardial infarction: An 18‐year US study

Abstract

Background: There are limited data on the seasonal variation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the contemporary literature. Hypothesis: There would be decrease in the seasonal variation in the management and outcomes of AMI. Methods: Adult (>18 years) AMI admissions were identified using the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2017). Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall, and winter. Outcomes of interest included prevalence, in-hospital mortality, use of coronary angiography, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Subgroup analyses for type of AMI and patient characteristics were performed.

Impact of concomitant respiratory infections in the management and outcomes acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock

“…1 C and D). AMI-CS admissions with respiratory infections had significantly longer length of hospital stays (12 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 vs 6 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 days), higher hospitalization costs and were less likely to be discharged home (27.1% vs 44.7%) compared to admissions without respiratory infections ( Table 2 ). Sensitivity analyses revealed similarly lower in-hospital mortality for admissions with respiratory infections across all sub-groups of interest ( Supplementary Figure 1 ).…”

“…Similar to prior literature, we defined the seasons based on the meteorological classification of the Northern Hemisphere as–Spring (March–May), Summer (June–August), Fall (September–November) and Winter (December-February). 18 , 19 Chronic lung disease was identified using Charlson Comorbidity Index codes ICD-9CM 416.8, 416.9, 490. x-505. x, 506.4, 508.1, 508.8 and ICD-10 CM I27.8, I27.9, J40.…”

“…Demographic characteristics including age, sex, race, hospital characteristics, acute organ failure, MCS, cardiac procedures, and non-cardiac organ support therapies were identified for all admissions using previously used methodologies from our group ( Supplementary Table 1 ). 1 , 2 , 3 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 …”

“…The in-hospital mortality was lower among AMI-CS admissions with respiratory infections (31.6% vs 38.4%, adjusted OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.57–0.59], p < 0.001). Admissions with respiratory infections had longer lengths of hospital stay (12 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 vs 6 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 days, p < 0.001), higher hospitalization costs and less frequent discharges to home (27.1% vs 44.7%, p < 0.001).…”

Spatial-time analysis of cardiovascular emergency medical requests: enlightening policy and practice

“…This pattern depends on the specific daily time period, levels of car traffic, places of residence and commuting throughout the city, and other epidemiologic and demographic factors [ 19 ]. Sudden myocardial infarctions, for example, follow a regular pattern of occurrence [ 24 – 27 ], with most events occurring between morning and noon [ 28 , 29 ]. Moreover, some studies report seasonal or weekly patterns of occurrence of myocardial events, with a reported increase on Mondays [ 30 – 33 ].…”