Influence of seasonal variation on the phenology and liriodenine content of Annona lutescens (Annonaceae)

Abstract

Annona lutescens Saff. (Annonaceae) grows as a native tree in Chiapas, Mexico in Tropical Dry Forest habitat. Like most Annonaceae, it biosynthesizes benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, mostly liriodenine. To determine the influence of seasonal changes in the accumulation of liriodenine, the monthly variation of liriodenine content in roots, stems and leaves of mature and young trees was observed. These parts of young and mature A. lutescens trees were collected monthly over a 1 year period and the alkaloids were extracted; the liriodenine was quantified by high-resolution liquid chromatography. The phenological stages of the species were also assessed (leaf development, flowering and fruiting) using the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. The analysis of both young and mature trees showed a significant increase in the liriodenine concentration occurs within roots during the dry season, which coincides with leaf fall. A significant decrease also occurred at the beginning of the rainy season (the period of leaf growth); the liriodenine content for the next rainy season did not reach the levels of the previous dry season. The climatic variation induced phenological and physiological changes in this species.

Phenological strategies of Annona from deciduous forest of Chiapas, Mexico

“…Note that phenological data for A. lutescens (Castro-Moreno et al 2013) from another TDF area corroborate our classification of the species.…”

“…Additionally, leaf flushing begins days before the start of the rains. Perhaps the large density of lenticels on the stems of the EDRS species allows them to survive in drought ( Figure 1D, H); in fact, desiccation tolerance has been reported in A. lutescens (Castro-Moreno et al 2013), the most likely of the four Annona trees to have the highest drought resistance. Rivera et al (2002) discussed the importance of increased photoperiod in certain species for initiating foliation before the rains, and these plants may also perceive increases in relative humidity or temperature prior to the establishment of the rainy season.…”

“…Direct observations over several years show that A. lutescens and A. reticulata bear fruit at the end of the dry season, whereas A. macroprophyllata and A. purpurea do so at the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The contribution of these four TDF trees to forest functioning is poorly understood (Castro-Moreno et al 2013). In this paper, we describe and classify the phenological and morphological changes associated with their seasonal cycle for the first time.…”

Spatio‐Temporal Variation of Alkaloids in Annona purpurea and the Associated Influence on Their Antifungal Activity

“…[27] Investigations on applicability of the compounds to fungi affecting plant crops are scarce, [7] and The mean (n = 6) values followed by the same lower case letters in the columns and upper case letters in the rows, for each collect time, do not differ according to Mann-Whitney test at p < 0.05 The mean (n = 6) values followed by the same lower case letters in the columns and upper case letters in the rows, for each recollect time, do not differ according to Mann -Whitney test at p < 0.05 those reporting the effects of environmental conditions, including geographical variation, [20,28] seasonality and nitrogen variation, [9,29] on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are even more scarce. [27] Investigations on applicability of the compounds to fungi affecting plant crops are scarce, [7] and The mean (n = 6) values followed by the same lower case letters in the columns and upper case letters in the rows, for each collect time, do not differ according to Mann-Whitney test at p < 0.05 The mean (n = 6) values followed by the same lower case letters in the columns and upper case letters in the rows, for each recollect time, do not differ according to Mann -Whitney test at p < 0.05 those reporting the effects of environmental conditions, including geographical variation, [20,28] seasonality and nitrogen variation, [9,29] on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are even more scarce.…”

“…[8] This environment has therefore provided an opportunity to analyze the effect of the dry season on the alkaloid content of the plants. [9] Another Annonaceous producer of alkaloids and acetogenins that inhabits the TDF of Chiapas is Annona purpurea MOÇ. [9] Another Annonaceous producer of alkaloids and acetogenins that inhabits the TDF of Chiapas is Annona purpurea MOÇ.…”