Influence of Scanning Strategies on Processing of Aluminum Alloy EN AW 2618 Using Selective Laser Melting

Koutný, Daniel; Paloušek, David; Pantělejev, Libor; Hoeller, Christian; Pichler, Rudolf; Tesicky, Lukas; Kaiser, Jozef

doi:10.3390/ma11020298

Cited by 81 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This statement holds for C1 samples manufactured using a range of process parameters ( Figure 3). In a study by Koutney et al [42], Al alloy cubes with varying edge lengths were manufactured. The study reported that the porosity in the top plane of the cubes increased from 0.03% to 5.95% on changing the size from 5 to 13 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Influence Of Size On Density Microstructure and Hardness Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Feature Sizes in Selectively Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts on the Validity of Optimised Process Parameters

et al. 2019

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Ti-6Al-4V is a popular alloy due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. Many applications of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using selective laser melting (SLM) have reached technology readiness. However, issues linked with metallurgical differences in parts manufactured by conventional processes and SLM persist. Very few studies have focused on relating the process parameters to the macroscopic and microscopic properties of parts with different size features. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the size of features on the density, hardness, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V parts fabricated using a fixed set of parameters. It was found that there is an acceptable range of sizes that can be produced using a fixed set of parameters. Beyond a specific window, the relative density decreased. Upon decreasing the size of a cuboid from (5 × 5 × 5 mm) to (1 × 1 × 5 mm), porosity increased from 0.3% to 4.8%. Within a suitable size range, the microstructure was not significantly affected by size; however, a major change was observed outside the acceptable size window. The size of features played a significant role in the variation of mechanical properties. Under tensile loading, decreasing the gauge size, the ultimate and yield strengths deteriorated. This investigation, therefore, presents an understanding of the correlation between the feature size and process parameters in terms of the microscopic and macroscopic properties of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using SLM. This study also highlights the fact that any set of optimized process parameters will only be valid within a specific size window.

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Section: Influence Of Size On Density Microstructure and Hardness Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a few studies that indicate how the overall microscopic and macroscopic quality of SLM parts can be size-dependent [42][43][44][45]. However, the current literature lacks a systematic study which reports on the influence of the size of a sample on the porosity and microstructure of as-built Ti-6Al-4V samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Feature Sizes in Selectively Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts on the Validity of Optimised Process Parameters

et al. 2019

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“…The layers were scanned using Chessboard strategy with island size of 5×5 mm, that involves the splitting of entire area into numerous local areas combined with a different scanning order [11]. This SLM strategy is considered beneficial to eliminate residual stresses and overheating of local areas.…”

Section: Slm Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2019

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ABSTRACTThe microstructure homogeneity and variability in mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) have been investigated. The crack free, 99.9% dense samples were made starting from SS316L alloy powder, and the melt pool morphology was analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Extremely fast cooling rates after laser melting/solidification process, accompanied by slow diffusion of alloying elements, produced characteristic microstructures with colonies of cellular substructure inside grains, grown along the direction of the principal thermal gradient during laser scanning. In some areas of the microstructure, a significant number of precipitates were observed inside grains and at grain boundaries. Micro hardness measurements along the build direction revealed slight but gradual increase in hardness along the sample height. Uniaxial tensile tests of as manufactured samples showed the effect of un-melted areas causing scatter in room-temperature mechanical properties of samples extracted from the same SLM build. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied from 458MPa to 509MPa along with a variation in uniform elongation from 3.3% to 14.4%. The UTS of a sample exposed to the Cl- rich corrosion environment at 46oC temperature revealed a similar strength as of the original sample, indicating good corrosion resistance of SLM samples under those corrosion conditions.

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“…One the other hand, Ali et al [20] reported that the 90°alternating strategy to result in the lowest amount of residual stresses of five investigated strategies. Apart from residual stresses, scanning strategies have also been shown to influence the relative density [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural characterization of binary microstructure pattern in selective laser-melted Ti-6Al-4V

Neikter

Huang

2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that offers efficient manufacturing of complex parts with good mechanical properties. For SLM, process parameters and post-processing are of importance as they affect the microstructure and consequently the mechanical properties. A feature in the microstructure, which is formed in SLM due to the fast cooling rate, is a binary microstructure pattern (BMP). The BMP is found in the horizontal plane and is formed with various laser scan angles between adjacent layers. The easiest distinguishable strategy is 90°, which renders a shape similar to a chessboard. In this work, the BMP phenomenon was investigated in detail and a microstructural characterization was performed on the fine microstructure zone (FMZ) that separates the coarse microstructure zones (CMZ), by using light optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) that were equipped with electron backscattered (EBSD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detectors. Moreover, the effect of the process parameter hatch distance on the BMP was investigated and the overlapping between neighboring scan tracks in SLM was found to influence the size of the BMP, while the thickness of the FMZ remained constant. Different post-SLM heat treatments were performed and it was shown that the BMP retained unless the heat treatment temperature reached above the β transus temperature. EBSD and β grain reconstruction were performed as well to reveal the columnar β grain orientations. The result showed that each CMZ and FMZ originates from a respective parent β grains.

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Influence of Scanning Strategies on Processing of Aluminum Alloy EN AW 2618 Using Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

The Effects of Feature Sizes in Selectively Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts on the Validity of Optimised Process Parameters

The Effects of Feature Sizes in Selectively Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts on the Validity of Optimised Process Parameters

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

Microstructural characterization of binary microstructure pattern in selective laser-melted Ti-6Al-4V

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