Influence of Sandblasted and Acid-etched Commercially Pure Grade II Titanium Surface on Human Osteosarcoma Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Attachment: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Aim:To evaluate the effect of surface microtopography on osteogenic cell behavior. Materials and methods: Commercially pure grade II titanium discs of similar design and dimensions (2.5 mm × 6 mm) were selected for the study. Samples were sandblasted using 110 μm grit-size alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and 15% hydrofluoric acid (HF), 96% sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used for acid etching. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of samples was performed to observe the surface morphology and elemental analysis. Surface roughness was measured using a surface profilometer. Human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 10 3 per test material and control cover slip and incubated for 48 hours. After critical point drying and gold sputtering, a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the cell morphology, proliferation, and cell attachment. Results: Scanning electron microscopy revealed that sandblasting and acid etching resulted in a homogeneous rough surface with a flatter profile. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed a significant increase in the oxygen content (29.38%) after sandblasting and acid etching. Conclusion: Scanning electron microscopy result of the sandblasted and acid-etched surface showed that cell sheets were able to migrate into the pores and adhered inside the valleys suggesting excellent sign of osseointegration.