Influence of Rootstock on Bud Break, Period of Anthesis, Fruit Set, Fruit Ripening, Heat Unit Requirement and Berry Yield of Commercial Grape Varieties

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the impact of commercial grape varieties (Thompson seedless, Flame seedless and Kishmish chorni) and grafted on different root stocks (1103 P, SO 4 , Dog ridge) for bud break, period of anthesis, fruit set, fruit ripening, heat unit requirement and fruit yield (kg haG 1). Among varieties, Flame seedless significantly took less number of days for bud break (10.13 days). Among rootstocks, own rooted vines (10.18 days) took less days for bud break and varieties grafted on Dog ridge (12.55 days) took more days for bud. Among varieties, Flame seedless took minimum number of days for anthesis (51.13 days), fruit set (58.82 days), fruit ripening (159.00 days) and heat units (2148 degree days) and among varieties grafted on own root system also took minimum number of days for anthesis (50.48 days), fruit set (57.85 days), fruit ripening (155.00 days) and heat units (2072.23 degree days). Among varieties, Kishmish chorni (11.76 kg/vine) recorded highest yield per vine followed by Thompson seedless (10.55 kg/vine) and Flame seedless (8.42 kg/vine). Among rootstocks, Dogridge produced highest yield of 13.06 kg/vine irrespective of the varieties and lowest yields (7.89 kg/vine) were recorded in case of SO 4 rootstocks, which is lesser than yield obtained from own rooted vines. The interaction between varieties and rootstocks was found to be significant indicating the influence of rootstocks on different varieties.

Non-structural Carbohydrates in Dormant Woody Perennials; The Tale of Winter Survival and Spring Arrival

“…Modeled NSC depletion from local maintenance respiration in walnut branches was much higher than observed carbohydrate depletion, suggesting a need for the replenishment of reserves from distal locations (Tixier et al, 2017a). Longdistance transport of labeled carbohydrates, grafting, girdling experiments, storage mobilization, and growth measurements also support the hypothesis that carbohydrates are transported from distant locations (Bates et al, 2002;Lacointe et al, 2004;Menora et al, 2015;Tixier et al, 2017b).…”

“…At the xylem level, dormancy coincides with the upregulation of the expression of carbohydrate metabolic genes and acclimation to cold temperature related CBF (C-repeat binding factor) transcription factors while down-regulating cell cycling genes (Schrader et al, 2004;Decourteix et al, 2008;Barros et al, 2012;Tarkowski and Van den Ende, 2015). Considering the trophic relationship between buds and wood, and that rootstocks have been shown to influence the dates of bud break, it is important to identify which organ(s) signals the breaking of dormancy to the rest of the plant and to understand to what extent each organ is autonomous in this process (Menora et al, 2015). Callose deposition in plasmodesmata to isolate buds' symplast at the initiation of dormancy has been hypothesized to limit the access of growth promoting signals but thus far genetic evidence to support this hypothesis has been lacking (Rinne et al, 1994;van der Schoot and Rinne, 2011).…”

Heat Unit Requirements of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape: A Tool to Predict Its Harvest Period in Protected Cultivation

“…The heat requirements of “Flame Seedless” table grape between bud break and ripening have been estimated as an average of 1633 GDD for T b = 5 °C and T u = 30 °C. A much higher heat requirement for “Flame Seedless” is proposed by Menora et al [ 26 ] in semiarid tropical conditions of Southern India. The main source of the error is that these authors calculated the required GDD (and days) after winter pruning date as starting point (that can be widely variable) and not from bud break.…”

Assessing grapevine phenological models under Chinese climatic conditions

“…Different water conditions may change the crop phenology to some degree (Degueldre et al, 2011;Shellie et al, 2018). Additional sources of variation include soil texture (Trought et al, 2008), soil temperature (Kliewer, 1975), pruning dates (Dunn and Martin, 2000;Gatti et al, 2016), and rootstock (Downton and Crompton, 1979;Menora et al, 2015). Difficulties in consensus on the timing of the phenology can also lead to measurement errors of several days (García de .…”