Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of repeated ingestion of ochratoxin A (OTA) on milk production of lactating Holstein cows over 28 days, and the carry-over of OTA from the diets into the milk and tissues of the cows. Nine cows were divided into three groups, labeled OTA5, OTA50 and OTA100, and fed a diet containing 5, 50 and 100 µg OTA/kg of dry matter, respectively. Body weight, feed intake and daily milk yield in cows were not different among the three groups during the OTA-intake period. OTA residues were neither detected in the tissues, such as liver, kidney, muscles, fat and jejunoileum, nor in the milk of any cows in the OTA intake groups. In contrast, a small amount of OTA (0.1 µg/kg) was detected in the blood plasma of one sample in the OTA50 group and multiple samples in the OTA100 group. The results of this study show that the ingestion of diets containing up to 100 µg/kg of OTA over 28 days does not affect feed intake or milk production of cows, and the dietary OTA is not carried over into milk and edible tissues such as the liver, muscles and fat.

Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview

“…Although the three methodologies showed satisfactory extraction efficiency, PLE was selected using the mixture ACN/H 2 O/acetic acid (80:19:1) for biological fluids and ACN/H 2 O/hexane/acetic acid (60:14:25:1) for organs and tissues [ 28 ]. OTA was extracted by ACN-LLE with hexane defattion followed by IAC from cow serum, liver, kidney, muscles, fat, intestine, and milk [ 133 ], while CHCl 3 /phosphoric acid (10:1)-LLE followed by IAC OchraTest WB was used for OTA extraction from muscles, liver, and kidneys from swine, cattle, sheep, horses, fish, chickens, turkeys, geese, and ducks [ 134 ]. The same solvent mixture was used to extract ZON and its metabolites from goat plasma, urine, feces, and liver followed by IAC cleanup procedure [ 135 ].…”

“…With regard to studies focused on toxicokinetics, absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability, mycotoxin concentration was generally determined after mycotoxin feeding or administration; oral, per os, intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP). Other studies were focused on mycotoxin tissue distribution and persistence in several animals such as chicken [ 125 ], mice [ 19 , 26 , 139 ], rat [ 122 ], pig [ 126 ]; bioaccumulation, and persistence [ 7 , 138 ], carry-over [ 20 , 22 , 24 , 32 , 133 ], and tissue residues [ 18 , 137 ].…”

A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…Zhang et al [86] did not detect OTA and ochratoxin α using LC-MS/MS (LOD of 0.1-0.2 ng/mL) in cows administered a single dose of OTA at levels 30 µg/kg OTA BW) in feed. Similarly, Hashimoto et al [87] detected no OTA in milk of cows fed 100 µg/kg DM for 28 days. Thus, with this negligible rate of carry-over and the low levels of OTA in feed in SSA, OTA poses no health hazard to humans through dairy products.…”

Occurrence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize silage in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia

“…Average ochratoxin A content in maize silage in positive samples was 10.4 µg/kg. Ingestion of diet containing up to 100 µg/kg ochratoxin A in the period of 28 days did not affected feed intake or milk production in cows, also it was not transferred from feed to milk [35]. Zearalenone concentration was up to 538 µg/kg.…”