Influence of remote earth and impulse polarity on earthing systems by field measurement

Abdullah, S.; Nor, Normiza Mohamad; Agbor, Nkwa; Reffin, Muhd Shahirad; Othman, Mohammad Redzuan

doi:10.1049/iet-smt.2017.0092

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…A review of field testing and measurement of impulse tests on grounding systems was firstly performed, to present various test set-ups and arrangements adopted in previously published works [2,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The study of soil behavior under impulse condition by means of field testing showed that the resistance decreased with increasing current [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. It was noted from these studies [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]…”

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of soil behavior under impulse condition by means of field testing showed that the resistance decreased with increasing current [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. It was noted from these studies [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] that the main concerns in the field measurements are the costs, logistics and time challenges. The guidelines were also found to be limited, due to the limited standards for field testing and measurements of grounding systems under high impulse conditions.…”

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few well established methods suggested in the standards on the measurements of earth resistance of earthing systems at low voltage and low frequency currents, namely the two-point method, three point method, ratio method, staged fault tests and fall-of-potential method [1,9,10]. However, it is now well accepted that soil characteristics under high magnitude impulse currents would become 'non-linear' and different than measured at low voltage and low frequency currents [2,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Due to the different characteristics of earthing systems under high impulse currents than when under low voltage, low frequency currents, there is a need to assess the practical earthing systems under high impulse conditions.…”

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, a lot more studies have been directed towards impulse tests on earthing systems using field measurements. However, the measurement and testing methods found in these papers [11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] differ from one another, which could be due to the lack of standards emphasising the required guidelines, as well as the great dependence on the available configurations and test site.…”

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80 [9] that the dimensions of the electrode under test to the remote earth be extended by 3 to 4 times the diagonal dimensions of the ground mat. However, the IEEE standard guidelines are brief, and many other authors [11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have adopted other test set-up arrangements in their measurements, where all these distances were not as specific as those highlighted in the IEEE Standard [1].…”

Section: Distance Of Remote Earth From the Electrode Under Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries

et al. 2019

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One of the most important parameters of the performance of grounding systems is the soil resistivity. As generally known, the soil resistivity changes seasonally, hence the performance of grounding systems, at DC and under high impulse conditions. This paper presents the performance of grounding systems with two different configurations. Field experiments were set up to study the characteristics of the grounding systems seasonally at power frequency and under high impulse conditions. A review of field testing on practical grounding systems was also presented. It was found that the soil resistivity, RDC and impulse characteristics of grounding systems were improved over time, and the improvement was higher for electrodes that have more contact with the soils.

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Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Field Testing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distance Of Remote Earth From the Electrode Under Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries

et al. 2019

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Investigation of Spherical Electrode Grounding System Under High Impulse Conditions with Different Polarities

Hamid

Adzman

Hanafi

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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There have been many studies in the pasts, which showed that under high impulse conditions, soil ionization process around the electrode would occur, which results in lower resistance and lower transient voltage on the electrode. Several factors have also been found to affect the ionization process in soil such as; soil types and its grain sizes, moisture contents in the soil, earth electrode configurations, impulse polarity, the location of the injection point, the shape of response time, etc. In this paper, spherical electrodes grounding is used to study the ionization process in the grounding system under different impulse polarity of the current. The experiment was done by field measurement using a commercially available impulse current generator. It was found that lower earth resistance was seen to decrease with increasing current magnitudes for both impulse polarities. In addition, it was found that at low impulse current with negative polarity has a higher resistance than that of positive polarity. This paper is, therefore, to investigate towards improvement on grounding electrode’s design, which would consider soil ionization process

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Influence of remote earth and impulse polarity on earthing systems by field measurement

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries

Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries

Investigation of Spherical Electrode Grounding System Under High Impulse Conditions with Different Polarities

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