Influence of rectifiers on the energy demand and gas quality of alkaline electrolysis systems in dynamic operation

Speckmann, Friedrich-W.; Bintz, Steffen; Birke, Kai Peter

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.014

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additionally, a higher ripple frequency does not affect the system performance as much as the occurrence of low-frequency ripples [68]. Furthermore, a coherence between the ripple behavior of a power supply and the product gas quality of alkaline water electrolysis can be observed [69].…”

Section: Peripherymentioning

confidence: 96%

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

2020

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Alkaline water electrolysis is a key technology for large-scale hydrogen production powered by renewable energy. As conventional electrolyzers are designed for operation at fixed process conditions, the implementation of fluctuating and highly intermittent renewable energy is challenging. This contribution shows the recent state of system descriptions for alkaline water electrolysis and renewable energies, such as solar and wind power. Each component of a hydrogen energy system needs to be optimized to increase the operation time and system efficiency. Only in this way can hydrogen produced by electrolysis processes be competitive with the conventional path based on fossil energy sources. Conventional alkaline water electrolyzers show a limited part-load range due to an increased gas impurity at low power availability. As explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen must be prevented, a safety shutdown is performed when reaching specific gas contamination. Furthermore, the cell voltage should be optimized to maintain a high efficiency. While photovoltaic panels can be directly coupled to alkaline water electrolyzers, wind turbines require suitable converters with additional losses. By combining alkaline water electrolysis with hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells, power grid stabilization can be performed. As a consequence, the conventional spinning reserve can be reduced, which additionally lowers the carbon dioxide emissions.

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Section: Peripherymentioning

confidence: 96%

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

2020

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“…Furthermore, the small-scale studied PEMEL can be seen as a high current-low voltage load: the stack voltage range is very small included between 4.4 V and 8 V, while the current range is quite high, between 0 A and 50 A (see Table 1). Stack voltage regulation is particularly suitable for large-scale alkaline electrolyzers since their voltage range are extended [46]. For this application, stack voltage regulation is achieved through the use of thyristorsbased rectifiers.…”

Section: Experimental Results For the Pid Control Lawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, dynamic modeling has been introduced in other related works [44,45,46], In [44], the authors have introduced a dynamic model inspired by previous works developed for fuel cells. Experiments have been performed to show the dynamics of a single-cell PEMEL but the authors have not assessed the parameters of the equivalent circuit from experimental data.…”

Section: Pem Electrolyzer Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a static model is employed to be connected with an interleaved DC-DC buck converter for control purposes. Then, in [46], this model is used for an alkaline electrolyzer to analyze the consequences of rectifiers on the specific energy consumption and gas quality during dynamic operation. Finally, in [35], a dynamic model has been introduced from experimental tests and knowledge on fuel cell modeling.…”

Section: Pem Electrolyzer Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis: Modeling for hydrogen flow rate control

Maamouri

Guilbert

Zasadzinski

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Nowadays, the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) is a promising and attractive technology when coupling with renewable energy sources (RES). Indeed, PEMEL can respond quickly to the dynamic operations of RES. Given that PEMEL must be supplied with a low DC voltage, DC-DC converters are mandatory. In this work, a stacked interleaved buck DC-DC converter is used. In this paper, the tuning of proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controllers, which are often used to enhance electrolyzer performances (efficient and reliable operation), is based on the dynamic behavior of the PEMEL. Before designing the PID controller, a model of the PEMEL is proposed based on input-output measured data, and this model is combined with the converter state-space description. Then, the obtained global model is used to tune two PID controller configurations: the first one to control the current and the second one to control the voltage of the PEMEL. Experimental tests are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the designed control laws.

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“…The electrolyzer data used for the simulation model is gathered from a custom-made alkaline electrolyzer set-up and the newly developed process current source [6,7]. All mentioned components have been investigated in detail but for the smart grid modelling, the most important experiments are the varying efficiencies of different rectifier/electrolysis systems in dynamic operation.…”

Section: Experimental Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Usage in a Smart Grid, Employing a Staggered Optimization Algorithm

2021

Self Cite

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A sustainable energy economy implies high shares of volatile renewable energy sources and requires the use of energy storage technologies. Hydrogen is a very flexible energy carrier and can be employed as a large-scale energy storage in electric grids. This paper focuses on the integration of hydrogen production, conversion and storage options in a smart grid environment. A process current source (PCS) that functions as a rectifier for an alkaline electrolysis system and is compared to a conventional rectifier structure that is not specifically designed for dynamic operation. All components of the smart grid are scaled using a staggered algorithm that combines a pattern search algorithm and a genetic algorithm. This smart optimization tool shows high flexibility, accuracy and low computing times. The required computing time has been reduced by 56% in contrast to genetic algorithms without the pattern search method. Furthermore, the energy system optimization reduced the alkaline electrolysis below 30% of the initial scale in order to yield lower costs. Therefore, the difference in rectifier performance was reduced to a minor contribution.

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Influence of rectifiers on the energy demand and gas quality of alkaline electrolysis systems in dynamic operation

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis: Modeling for hydrogen flow rate control

Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Usage in a Smart Grid, Employing a Staggered Optimization Algorithm

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