Influence of rainfall duration and intensity on particulate matter removal from plant leaves

Xu, Xiaoyu; Zhang, Zhenming; Liu, Bao; Li, Zhenjiang; Yu, Xinxiao; Fan, Dixia; Lun, Xiaoxiu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.141

Cited by 87 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The PM 2.5 -deposition difference that we obtained from the model for leaves from conifers and broadleaf trees is quite similar to that reported by Chen et al (2017), who found an accumulation of particles on conifers that was up to six times the amount of that on broadleaf trees measured in summer through autumn (with no distinction between evergreen and deciduous broadleaves). This result is related to leaf size, with smaller leaves being more effective per m 2 leaf surface (Xu et al, 2017;Weerakkody et al, 2018b), and surface properties such as roughness (Shao et al, 2019) as well as the occurrence of hairs (trichomes) (Chen et al, 2017;Muhammad et al, 2019) and waxes (Wang et al, 2015). Findings are, however, not always homogeneous as for example Leonard et al (2016) found less PM accumulation on small and needle-like leaves, which might be related to the specific trait combination in the investigated species.…”

Section: Particulate-matter Deposition and Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 88%

Deposition and Resuspension Mechanisms Into and From Tree Canopies: A Study Modeling Particle Removal of Conifers and Broadleaves in Different Cities

Pace

Grote

2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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With increasing realization that particles in the air are a major health risk in urban areas, strengthening particle deposition is discussed as a means to air-pollution mitigation. Particles are deposited physically on leaves and thus the process depends on leaf area and surface properties, which change throughout the year. Current state-of-the-art modeling accounts for these changes only by altering leaf longevity, which may be selected by vegetation type and geographic location. Particle removal also depends on weather conditions, which determine deposition and resuspension but generally do not consider properties that are specific to species or plant type. In this study, we modeled < 2.5 µm-diameter particulate-matter (PM 2.5) deposition, resuspension, and removal from urban trees along a latitudinal gradient (Berlin, Munich, Rome) while comparing coniferous with broadleaf (deciduous and evergreen) tree types. Accordingly, we re-implemented the removal functionality from the i-Tree Eco model, investigated the uncertainty connected with parameterizations, and evaluated the efficiency of pollution mitigation depending on city conditions. We found that distinguishing deposition velocities between conifers and broadleaves is important for model results, i.e., because the removal efficiency of conifers is larger. Because of the higher wind speed, modeled PM 2.5 deposition from conifers is especially large in Berlin compared to Munich and Rome. Extended periods without significant precipitation decrease the amount of PM 2.5 removal because particles that are not occasionally washed from the leaves or needles are increasingly resuspended into the air. The model predicted this effect particularly during the long summer periods in Rome with only very little precipitation and may be responsible for less-efficient net removal from urban trees under climate change. Our analysis shows that the range of uncertainty in particle removal is large and that parameters have to be adjusted at least for major tree types if not only the species level. Furthermore, evergreen trees (broadleaved as well as coniferous) are predicted to be more effective at particle removal in northern regions than in Mediterranean cities, which is unexpected given the higher number of evergreens in southern cities. We discuss to what degree the effect of current PM 2.5 abundance can be mitigated by species selection and which model improvements are needed.

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Section: Particulate-matter Deposition and Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 88%

Deposition and Resuspension Mechanisms Into and From Tree Canopies: A Study Modeling Particle Removal of Conifers and Broadleaves in Different Cities

Pace

Grote

2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…On such surfaces, the hydrophobic properties of epicuticular wax greatly reduces the contact area between the particles and the leaf surface. Therefore, the physical adhesion forces between particulate matter and the leaf surface are lower [12]. These characteristics could lead to the lowest amount of particles settling upon G. biloba and P. tomentosa leaf surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban trees can remove suspended particulate matter from the atmosphere. Urban forests can therefore be considered as a kind of "biotechnology" for improving urban air quality [10][11][12]. According to data from 2012 and 2013, it is estimated that urban trees could remove 696,000 tons of PM 2.5 , 1,439,000 tons of NO 2 and 907,000 tons of O 3 in the United States, providing a feasible way to improve air quality [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Leaf Surface Micromorphology of Different Trees Impact Their Ability to Capture Particulate Matter?

Zhang

Zhi

Meng

et al. 2018

Forests

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Particulate matter (PM), including PM10 and PM2.5, has a major impact on air quality and public health. It has been shown that trees can capture PM and improve air quality. In this study, we used two-way ANOVA to investigate the significance of micro-morphological leaf surface characteristics of green trees in capturing PM at different parks in Beijing. The results show that leaf structure significantly impacts the ability of plants to capture PM. Pinus tabuliformis Carr. and Pinus bungeana Zucc. were mainly impacted by the density of stomata, waxy cuticle, and epidermis, while the major contributor to PM retention in other test trees, including Acer truncatum Bunge, Salix matsudana Koid., Populus tomentosa Carr. and Ginkgo biloba Linn. was leaf roughness. There were significant variations in leaf-droplet contact angle (representative of leaf wettability) and the ability of trees to capture PM (p < 0.05): the bigger the contact angle, the less able the plant was to capture particulate matter.

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“…Different wetting mechanisms may alter cuticular composition and thus ozone uptake. For example, rain may wash leaves of compounds (e.g., Xu et al, ; L. Zhang et al, ) with which ozone can react. Deliquescent salts on cuticles may also increase ozone solubility compared to pure water (e.g., Rischbieter et al, ).…”

Section: Theory Models and Observations Of Terrestrial Ozone Deposimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different wetting mechanisms may alter cuticular composition and thus ozone uptake. For example, rain may wash leaves of compounds (e.g., Xu et al, 2017;L. Zhang et al, 2019) with which ozone can react.…”

Section: Composition Of the Leaf Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Deposition of Ozone Over Land: Processes, Measurement, and Modeling

Clifton

Fiore

Massman

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

107

133

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Dry deposition of ozone is an important sink of ozone in near‐surface air. When dry deposition occurs through plant stomata, ozone can injure the plant, altering water and carbon cycling and reducing crop yields. Quantifying both stomatal and nonstomatal uptake accurately is relevant for understanding ozone's impact on human health as an air pollutant and on climate as a potent short‐lived greenhouse gas and primary control on the removal of several reactive greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Robust ozone dry deposition estimates require knowledge of the relative importance of individual deposition pathways, but spatiotemporal variability in nonstomatal deposition is poorly understood. Here we integrate understanding of ozone deposition processes by synthesizing research from fields such as atmospheric chemistry, ecology, and meteorology. We critically review methods for measurements and modeling, highlighting the empiricism that underpins modeling and thus the interpretation of observations. Our unprecedented synthesis of knowledge on deposition pathways, particularly soil and leaf cuticles, reveals process understanding not yet included in widely used models. If coordinated with short‐term field intensives, laboratory studies, and mechanistic modeling, measurements from a few long‐term sites would bridge the molecular to ecosystem scales necessary to establish the relative importance of individual deposition pathways and the extent to which they vary in space and time. Our recommended approaches seek to close knowledge gaps that currently limit quantifying the impact of ozone dry deposition on air quality, ecosystems, and climate.

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Influence of rainfall duration and intensity on particulate matter removal from plant leaves

Cited by 87 publications

References 26 publications

Deposition and Resuspension Mechanisms Into and From Tree Canopies: A Study Modeling Particle Removal of Conifers and Broadleaves in Different Cities

Deposition and Resuspension Mechanisms Into and From Tree Canopies: A Study Modeling Particle Removal of Conifers and Broadleaves in Different Cities

How Does Leaf Surface Micromorphology of Different Trees Impact Their Ability to Capture Particulate Matter?

Dry Deposition of Ozone Over Land: Processes, Measurement, and Modeling

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