Influence of Propolis, Nigella sativa on toxicity induced by Chlorpyrifos administration in adult male albino rats.

Abstract

Background: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used Organophosphates (OPs) insecticides in agriculture and public health. Natural products (Propolis and Nigella Sativa) are a promising source for the discovery of new pharmaceuticals. Aim: The present study was an attempt to evaluate the benefits of Propolis and Nigella Sativa alone and in combination against toxicity induced by Chlorpyrifos in on lung and heart tissues of adult male albino rats. Materials & Methods: 54 adult male albino rats were equally divided into 9 groups as following: Group I (negative control group); Group II: received the solvent. Group III (Propolis treated group): in which each rat received orally Propolis only rats (400mg/kg body weight) dissolved in corn oil. Group IV (Nigella Sativa oil treated group) each rat received orally Nigella Sativa oil (100 mg/kg) dissolved in corn oil. Group V: (Propolis and Nigella Sativa treated group). Group VI (CPF treated group): rats gavaged orally CPF at a daily dose of 6.75 mg/kg (1/20 of the oral LD50 of CPF (135mg/kg) dissolved in corn. Group 7 (CPF and Propolis treated group): rats gavaged orally Propolis before CPF administration. Group 8 (CPF and Nigella Sativa oil treated group): the rats gavaged orally Nigella Sativa before CPF. Group 9 (CPF, Nigella Sativa oil and Propolis treated group). Results: Chlorpyrifos induced a highly significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase activities, elevation of Galctin-3 and troponin levels, and a significant reduction in acetylcholine esterase activity. All these alterations were confirmed histopathologically in lung and heart tissues, where Chlorpyrifos induced myocardial necrosis, muscular hyalinosis, bronchopneumonia and bronchitis. Meanwhile, Propolis and Nigella Sativa showed a protective action against Chlorpyrifos toxic effects especially when used in combination. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Propolis and Nigella Sativa had an ameliorating effect against this toxicity induced in adult albino rats.