Influence of predator density on nonindependent effects of multiple predator species

Griffen, Blaine D.; Williamson, Tucker

doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0889-6

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…3 Net biodiversity effect, complementarity effect, and selection effect from the additive partitioning analysis of fish growth in the mesocosms. Mean values of the biodiversity effects (± 95% CL) are compared across fish species richness water use in grassland prairies (Verheyen et al 2008), capture efficiency of crabs in a marine inter-tidal food web (Griffen and Williamson 2008), and zooplankton grazing on algae in high nutrient concentrations (Dzialowski and Smith 2008). Our results support the theory of resource complementarity that predicts higher species diversity will capture a greater amount of resources and be more productive (Cardinale et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Determining the mechanism by which fish diversity influences production

Carey

Wahl

2011

Oecologia

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Understanding the ability of biodiversity to govern ecosystem function is essential with current pressures on natural communities from species invasions and extirpations. Changes in fish communities can be a major determinant of food web dynamics, and even small shifts in species composition or richness can translate into large effects on ecosystems. In addition, there is a large information gap in extrapolating results of small-scale biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments to natural systems with realistic environmental complexity. Thus, we tested the key mechanisms (resource complementarity and selection effect) for biodiversity to influence fish production in mesocosms and ponds. Fish diversity treatments were created by replicating species richness and species composition within each richness level. In mesocosms, increasing richness had a positive effect on fish biomass with an overyielding pattern indicating species mixtures were more productive than any individual species. Additive partitioning confirmed a positive net effect of biodiversity driven by a complementarity effect. Productivity was less affected by species diversity when species were more similar. Thus, the primary mechanism driving fish production in the mesocosms was resource complementarity. In the ponds, the mechanism driving fish production changed through time. The key mechanism was initially resource complementarity until production was influenced by the selection effect. Varying strength of intraspecific interactions resulting from differences in resource levels and heterogeneity likely caused differences in mechanisms between the mesocosm and pond experiments, as well as changes through time in the ponds. Understanding the mechanisms by which fish diversity governs ecosystem function and how environmental complexity and resource levels alter these relationships can be used to improve predictions for natural systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Determining the mechanism by which fish diversity influences production

Carey

Wahl

2011

Oecologia

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“…Preliminary data indicated that mud crabs forage most actively at night. We therefore conducted all experimental trials at night under illumination from dim red lights to minimize disturbance of crabs (Griffen and Williamson 2008). We further ensured that observers did not disturb the crabs and alter behavior by placing the observer behind a screen made of black plastic.…”

Section: Refuge Use In the Presence And Absence Of Predator Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stachowicz. 3 E-mail: bgriffen@biol.sc.edu their strength and importance relative to other community-structuring factors. For example, recent studies demonstrate that TMII vary with such factors as habitat complexity (e.g., Griffen 2006, Grabowski et al 2008, resource identity (Trussell et al 2008), predator hunting mode (Schmitz and Suttle 2001), and species density (Griffen and Williamson 2008 One potentially contributing factor that has received broad attention outside the realm of TMII research is individual trait variation. Variation between individuals within a population is common for ecological traits, and recent reviews have highlighted this variation in numerous individual traits, including food and habitat preferences (Bolnick et al 2003), morphology (Bolnick et al 2007), physiology (Careau et al 2008), and behavior (Sih et al 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of individual behavior type in mediating indirect interactions

Griffen

Toscano

Gatto

2012

Ecology

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Abstract. Trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMII) play an important role in structuring natural communities, and numerous studies have experimentally demonstrated their presence in a variety of systems. However, these studies have largely examined the presence or absence of traits that are responsible for these interactions, without considering natural variation between individuals in the extent to which these traits are manifested. We used a well-documented TMII to investigate the importance of individual behavior type for determining the strength of the TMII. The toadfish Opsanus tau has an indirect positive influence on bivalve survival because the mud crab Panopeus herbstii, a consumer of bivalves, reduces foraging effort in the presence of toadfish. We quantified variation in the strength of persistent individual mud crab responses to toadfish and resulting variation in the strength of TMII. We demonstrate that the strength of this TMII is strongly influenced by mud crab size and behavior type, strengthening with the intensity of response of individual mud crabs to toadfish predator cues. Further, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution within intertidal oyster reefs of crabs with different behavior types is not random; mud crabs inhabiting subtidal areas, where predator cues are more persistent, are significantly less responsive to toadfish cues than mud crabs from intertidal areas. This spatial behavioral structure should lead to spatial variation in the strength of TMII. Given the widespread importance of TMII and the broad occurrence of individual personality or behavior types across numerous taxa, these results should be generally applicable. The distribution of behavior types within a population may therefore be a useful metric for improving our ability to predict the strength of TMII.

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“…Strong interference effects that reduce mussel mortality (Griffen 2006;Griffen and Williamson 2008) were likely absent here because experiments were sufficiently long that mussel depletion could occur even at reduced predation rates (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Community impacts of two invasive crabs: the interactive roles of density, prey recruitment, and indirect effects

Griffen

Byers

2008

Biol Invasions

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Assessing the implications of species invasion for native communities requires determining whether effects of invaders are novel, or are redundant with effects of species that are already present. Using a pair of field experiments conducted over two successive years, we examined factors that influence community impacts of a recent predatory crab invader (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) and a previously established invasive crab (Carcinus maenas) on New England coasts. We demonstrate that effects of these species differ temporally with changes in the ambient prey community, and are influenced by density differences between the two species and by different strengths and types of indirect effects that each elicits. Our study highlights the importance of including bottom-up processes (i.e., prey recruitment) when examining the redundancy of consumers.

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Influence of predator density on nonindependent effects of multiple predator species

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Determining the mechanism by which fish diversity influences production

Determining the mechanism by which fish diversity influences production

The role of individual behavior type in mediating indirect interactions

Community impacts of two invasive crabs: the interactive roles of density, prey recruitment, and indirect effects

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