Influence of pozzolanic materials on the properties of natural hydraulic lime based mortars

Zhang, Dajiang; Zhao, Jihui; Wang, Dongmin; Wang, Yiren; Ma, Xiaoxun

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118360

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This situation prevails at greater ages (28 days 60 MPa), when the normal strengths of the specimens have been reached [61]; however, at 90 days of curing, the AVT-PC (TFF-01 and TFF-03) specimens are able to overcome the compressive strength (TFF-01 = 74.5 MPa and TFF-03 = 72.5 MPa, respectively) of the portland cement specimens (PCS-R = 68 MPa). The analysis of the behaviour of the TFF-01-03 specimens seems to indicate that the replacement of 25% of the PC in the mortar mixture does not appear to have a negative influence on the gain of mechanical strength throughout the test period, although this increase in strength is slow and delayed in relation to the PCS-R; this is one of the fundamental properties that pozzolanic materials have and has been widely reflected in the works of many authors [45,[62][63][64]. The TFF-01 specimen curve shows more consistent behaviour than the TFF-02 and TFF-03 specimens.…”

Section: Results Of the Mechanical Strength Test (Mst)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties

et al. 2021

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This work presents the results of the study of the physical, chemical, mineralogical and pozzolanic properties of the altered volcanic tuffs (AVT) that lie in the Los Frailes caldera, south of the Iberian Peninsula, and demonstrates their qualities as pozzolans for the manufacturing of mortars and pozzolanic cements of high mechanical strength. The main objective of this research is to show to what extent the AVTs can replace portland cement (PC) in mortars, with standardised proportions of 75:25% and 70:30% (PC-AVT). To achieve these objectives, three AVT samples were studied by a petrographic analysis of thin section (PATS), DRX, FRX and MEB. The pozzolanic properties were determined by three methods: electrical conductivity (ECT), chemical pozzolanicity tests (CPT) at 8 and 15 days and mechanical strength tests (MS) of the specimens at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Studies of a PATS, DRX, FRX and MEB showed that the AVT samples’ constitutions are complex where smectite (montmorillonite), mordenite, quartz, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, volcanic glass and lithic fragments coexist. The results of the ECT and CPT tests confirmed the pozzolanic properties of the samples analysed and proved an increase in mechanical strength from 2 to 90 days of testing.

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Section: Results Of the Mechanical Strength Test (Mst)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties

et al. 2021

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“…The occurrence of pozzolanic reaction and hydration in ternary mixes including NHL with pozzolanic additives should be considered as an effective alternative in some cases. NHL binders enriched with pozzolanic material yield compact structures formed by C-S(A)-H and calcite, since pozzolanic reaction in the presence of moist conditions and carbonation occurred continuously [225]. The strength gained by the hydration reaction of NHL can be improved by using pozzolanic material, as the portlandite produced during the hydration process of NHL can be either carbonated and/or reacted with the pozzolanic material to yield newly-formed C-S(A)-H.…”

Section: Drying And/or Hydration Vs Pozzolanic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

et al. 2021

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The main objective of RILEM TC LHS-277 “Specifications for testing and evaluation of lime-based repair materials for historic Structures” is the revision, adaption and, when necessary proposal, of the test methods to accurately study lime-based binding systems and mixtures, such as mortars and grouts. The empiric use of the lime-based composites and the predominant employ of cement in the field of Civil Engineering have led to the widespread application of test methods developed for cement-based composites to test the former. However, the clear differences in composition and performance between modern cement binders and lime-based materials would advise to explore specific test methods for the latter. To undertake this task the previous knowledge on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of these binders must be revised, arranged and synthesized. Processes such as drying, carbonation, hydration and pozzolanic reaction may occur during the setting and hardening of lime-based mortars and competition between them cannot be underestimated. With the aim of underpinning the revision and proposal of test methods for lime-based systems, this review paper reports a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of setting and hardening of these binders, considering the variability of the composition, which includes pure air lime as well as lime with hydraulic properties, lime-cement and lime-pozzolan systems.

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“…Generally, the works mainly deal with the degradation, e.g., [46,47] and production technology of air/hydraulic limes and cement-based mortars, e.g., [48][49][50]. In recent times, researchers have shown attention and interest in the natural hydraulic lime used as an environmentally friendly binder for mortar production and its role as a replacement for many traditional materials, especially in relation to modern cement materials [51][52][53][54][55][56]. However, there is no specific literature on the overlapping and reciprocal compatibility of paints, air lime, hydraulic lime, and cement mortar layers, especially when they have been laid in place over decades and in a complex wall stratigraphy.…”

Section: Introduction 1state Of Art and Aims Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lime and Cement Plasters from 20th Century Buildings: Raw Materials and Relations between Mineralogical–Petrographic Characteristics and Chemical–Physical Compatibility with the Limestone Substrate

et al. 2022

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This paper deals with the “modern” plaster mortars based on air lime, hydraulic lime, and cement used between the 1950s and 1990s of the last century, taking, as a case study, a historical building of the Cagliari city whose foundations and ground floor are cut into in-situ limestone. Different plaster layers (i.e., arriccio and intonachino, paint), applied on the excavated limestone walls, were collected from cave-room. All samples were analysed by optical and electron (SEM-EDS) microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) in order to define their microstructures, textures and compositional features. In addition, real and bulk density, water and helium open porosity, water absorption kinetic, and saturation index were measured. By microscopic imaging analyses, the binder/aggregate ratio as vol.% was determined. Results revealed that cement mortars, composed mainly of C-S-H, C-A-H, and C-F-H phases, given their high hydraulicity, low open porosity, and a rigid behaviour, showed a good chemical but not physical–mechanical adherence, as they were often found detached from the substrate and frequently loaded with salt efflorescence. On the contrary, the hydraulic lime-based mortars, characterised by a binder composed of C-S-H and C-A-H phases and calcite derived from the portlandite carbonation, showed a greater affinity with limestone substrate and other plasters. Thus, they are more suitable to be used as a repair mortar, showing a long durability on the time. The thin air lime-based plasters (intonachino) showed a good adhesion to the substrate, exerting their coating function better than the harder, cement-based mortars. Lime-based wall paints have a good chemical adhesion and adaptability to the irregular surface of the substrate, due to low thickness of lime paint layers (<1 mm) that confers an elastic physical behaviour.

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Influence of pozzolanic materials on the properties of natural hydraulic lime based mortars

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties

Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties

RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

Lime and Cement Plasters from 20th Century Buildings: Raw Materials and Relations between Mineralogical–Petrographic Characteristics and Chemical–Physical Compatibility with the Limestone Substrate

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