Influence of power density on the setting behaviour of light-cured glass-ionomer cements monitored by ultrasound measurements

Effect of Prewarming and/or Delayed Light Activation on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Bond Strength to Tooth Structures

“…Recent research has shown that conventional and light-cured glass ionomers set faster by the application of extrinsic energy sources such as ultrasonic energy or heat. 7,8,22 It is claimed that such energy application is efficacious in improving the surface topographical characteristics of glass ionomers in the early phases of setting reaction. O'Brein and others 18 evaluated the effect of application of two types of heat energy and one type of ultrasonic energy on the surface hardness of glass ionomer and reported that prewarming of glass ionomer capsules prior to mixing increases the hardness of the material compared to application of light or ultrasonic energy.…”

“…6,7 In the same context, a study recently showed that the polymerization behavior of RMGIs is under the influence of the power density of the curing unit. 8 Yelamanchili and Darvell 9 made an attempt to answer the question whether interference occurs between the components of an resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) by changing the lightactivation protocol. They reported a competitive phenomenon between network-forming reactions, leading to a sensitive balance between the two, and a critically optimum light-activation protocol: too much irradiation might be detrimental, as is delay.…”

Influence of power density and primer application on polymerization of dual‐cured resin cements monitored by ultrasonic measurement

“…The current study used non‐destructive ultrasound measurement to monitor the polymerization processes of dual‐cured resin cements, based on the relationship between V and the elastic constants described by a micromechanical model (22). The ultrasound approach does not define the degree of conversion as the time point when the resin cement reaches a specific strength; rather, it monitors the viscoelastic properties of the materials (17–19).…”

“…Ultrasonic devices are also used to detect carious lesions (14), and to measure dentin thickness between the tooth surface and the pulp chamber (15). Because the speed of sound ( V ) is sensitive to the viscoelastic properties of materials (16), ultrasonic devices can be used to monitor the setting process of resin cements (17–19). V closely relates to the elastic modulus of the material, and the elastic coefficient of materials will change when the sonic velocity in the materials changes.…”