Influence of post-carburizing heat treatment on the core microstructural evolution and the resulting mechanical properties in case-hardened steel components

Farivar, H.; Deepu, M. J.; Hans, Marcus; Phanikumar, Gandham; Bleck, Wolfgang; Prahl, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2018.12.061

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[13] used accurate mechanical property data for simulation to predict the deformation after quenching, but the disadvantage was that the simulation did not include the phase transition during heat treatment. Farivar, H. [14,15] studied the relationship between heat treatment-microstructure-toughness and -hardness of experimental steel by combining experiments and simulation. By using a modified hardening cycle, the deformation caused by quenching is reduced, while maintaining high hardness and toughness.…”

Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Carburizing Quenching Process Based on Multi-Field Coupling

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Based on the multi-field coupling effect of temperature, diffusion, and phase change, the finite element model of carburizing and quenching was established. The 20CrMnTiH steel helical gear as the research object, prediction accuracy of carburizing, and quenching model of complex helical gear was studied. The material properties database of experimental steel was established by JMatPro, and the material thermophysical parameters needed in the calculation process were obtained. The carburizing and quenching process of transmission helical gear was numerically simulated by thermodynamic three-dimensional coupling analysis method combined with actual heat treatment process. The microstructure morphology, macro hardness, and deformation were characterized. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the hardened surface layer was acicular martensite and a small amount of residual austenite. The highest hardness appears at the surface layer of 778.8 HV, the effective hardened layer depth was 0.9 mm, and the maximum deformation of the gear was 0.055 mm. By comparing the experimental measurement results with the simulation results, they were in good agreement, which verifies the accuracy of the finite element model. This indicates that the model has good prediction ability in carburizing and quenching process.

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Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Carburizing Quenching Process Based on Multi-Field Coupling

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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“…This can be attributed to the high carbon content in the carburized case, which might cause brittleness [9,11,12]. Transgranular facets were also observed at the crack initiation sites, which could be related to retained austenite in the carburized case [7,10,13]. Compared with the specimens austenitized at 820 °C, the specimens austenitized at other temperatures appeared to be more brittle, with secondary cracks observed, as shown in Figure 8c.…”

Section: Fractographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Yu and coworkers investigated the influence of carbide formation on the tensile and fatigue properties of carburized steels and found that the fine carbides acted as resistance sites against crack propagation and improved the mechanical properties, while the networked carbides deteriorated the properties [12]. Other works focused on the effect of retained austenite in carburized steels and found that it could transform into martensite during stressing or after cryogenic treatment [13][14][15][16][17][18]. It is still controversial whether the tensile properties of carburized specimens can reflect the mechanical properties of gear steel since the carburized case has complex microstructural constitutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Vacuum Carburizing Gear Steel

Chen

et al. 2021

Metals

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We investigated the effects of the austenitizing temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of case-carburized steel after vacuum carburization at 930 °C and then re-austenitization at 820–900 °C followed by oil quenching and tempering. The results show that fractures occurred early with the increase in the austenitizing temperature, although all the carburized specimens showed a similar case hardness of 800 HV0.2 and case depth of 1.2 mm. The highest fracture stress of 1919 MPa was obtained for the experimental steel when the austenitizing temperature was 840 °C due to its fine microstructure and relatively high percentage of retained austenite transformed into martensite during the tensile tests. We also found that the stress–strain behavior of case-carburized specimens could be described by the area-weighted curves of the carburized case and the core in combination. The strain hardening exponent was about 0.4 and did not vary with the increase in the austenitizing temperature. We concluded that the optimum austenitizing temperature was around 840 °C for the experimental steel.

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“…Core microstructure is also one of these performances. Lower carbon content of core increases the fatigue resistance, particularly due to the enlarged compressive residual stresses at the surface, compared with the cases of higher carbon content [11]. The refinement of austenitic grain size is also one of these performances, which results in a fine martensitic structure and/or reduced size and density of micro cracks in the structure produce better fatigue resistance [12,13].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement and Analysis of Fatigue Strength for Mild Steel 20MnCrS5 during Carburizing and Quenching

Miao

Wang

et al. 2019

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Distortion and fatigue are both important criteria for evaluating carburizing and quenching process. An optimized process was proposed to reduce distortion and improve fatigue strength simultaneously. Mild steel 20MnCrS5 were heat treated using standard condition and optimized condition respectively. The microstructure, hardness, residual stress, domain size, fatigue performance and crack growth rate with different conditions were studied. Due to carburization, the near surface of the materials have different microstructures with different carbon concentration. The carburized layer, subsurface layer and central layer were selected to prepare the fatigue specimens and to be evaluated. The strengthening effect was verified by comparing the fatigue limit and the crack growth rate. The strengthening mechanism was analyzed by comparing microstructure, retained austenite, residual stress and domain size. The results show that with the optimized condition the fatigue performance at different layers are improved while achieving higher surface hardness. The joint action of domain refinement, more compressive residual stress and less retained austenite results in the strengthening.

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Influence of post-carburizing heat treatment on the core microstructural evolution and the resulting mechanical properties in case-hardened steel components

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Carburizing Quenching Process Based on Multi-Field Coupling

Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Carburizing Quenching Process Based on Multi-Field Coupling

Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Vacuum Carburizing Gear Steel

Improvement and Analysis of Fatigue Strength for Mild Steel 20MnCrS5 during Carburizing and Quenching

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