Influence of plant extracts and microbioagents on physiological traits of faba bean infected withBotrytis fabae

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora, Ipomoea carnea, Cuminum cyminum, Allium sativum and Hyoscyamus muticus leaf extracts, and Streptomyces exfloliatus (S) and Trichoderma harzianum (T) for controlling Botrytis fabae causing chocolate spot disease of faba bean. Laboratory study supported the use of E. citriodora (Ex 1 ) and I. carnea (Ex 2) extracts than the others for controlling the growth of B. fabae. S+Twas the best for inhibiting spore germination followed by Ex 1 +Ex 2 after 8 h of testing, whereas Ex 1 +Ex 2 produced the lowest percent of germination after 16 h. After 4 days, the inhibiting order of the growth of B. fabae was S+T > Ex 1 +Ex 2 > T > Ex 2 > Ex 1 = S. Greenhouse experiments showed the highest activities of peroxidase, catalase and pectinase in the infected plants. These activities were markedly reduced in healthy plants and widely changed by the biocontrol treatments. Applying biocontrol agents to the infected plants increased minerals (N, P, K and Mg), and both Chl biosynthesis and the photosynthetic activity, which in turn led to accumulation of metabolites. This served the plant to resist the detrimental effects of B. fabae on the plant growth and yield. In this concern, the efficiency of test biocontrol agents seemed to be in the order: T+S > Ex 1 +Ex 2 > T > S > Ex 2 > Ex.

Efficacy of wild medicinal plant extracts against predominant seed-borne fungi of broad bean cultivars

“…On the other hand, total pigment content has considerably increased in all treated plants by plant extract of A. sinaica compared with non-sprayed plants. These results are in agreement of those of Mahmoud et al (2004) and El-Metwally et al (2010) who reported that plant extracts increased the photosynthetic activity of faba bean inoculated with Botrytis fabae. The stimulative effect of plant extracts on pigments biosynthesis might presumably due to the fact that these extracts increase the rate of transpiration and this will possibly increase the rate of translocation of minerals and cytokinins from root to developing shoot.…”

“…Many authors believe that latex produced from the members of Asclepiadaceae contains many bioactive components which can be used as antimicrobials (Neenah, 2013). Such results are in accordance with pervious work on the role of extracts of medicinal plants in fungal diseases control which provided successful control against this disease in laboratory and greenhouse tests (Heweidy et al, 1997;Mahmoud et al, 2004;El-Metwally et al, 2010). The efficacy of medicinal plant species may be due to induction of the resistance mechanisms in treated plants (Yamunarani et al, 2004) or cause a delay in the development of infection in early growth stage by inhibition the mycelial growth of pathogen (Krebs and Forrer, 2001).…”

Shikimic Acid and Salicylic Acid Induced Protection on Growth Vigor, Seed Yield and Biochemical Aspects of Yielded Seeds of Vicia faba Plants Infected by Botrytis fabae

“…The decrease in yield and yield components in different crops under similar conditions has also been reported by many workers [27,34]. Furthermore, the aforementioned pattern of results were in harmony with those of Mahmoud et al [35] who mentioned that faba bean plants lost about 40% of its productivity due to B. fabae infection.…”

“…In this respect, Mahmoud, et al [35] reported that the variation in protein content was ascribed to the effect on the cytoplasmic ribosomes, the synthesis of RNA by plant cells, which in turn play an important role in protein biosynthesis, and/or nitrate reductase activity in plant leaves. In addition, Narayanasamy [39] reviewed that proteins were hydrolyzed through polypeptides to small peptides and further broken down to amino acids by increasing activity of protease enzymes, which raise the soluble nitrogen content in the fungal infected seeds.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

“…One of the possible strategies is rational localization of bioactive phytochemicals with antibacterial activity [1,4]. Currently, researchers have investigated plants with extensive variety of secondary compounds that could be a potential source for various antimicrobial agents [5,6]. Those plants contain numerous structurally unique bioactive compounds which are decent sources to obtain natural therapeutic agents [7].…”