Influence of Physical Education on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity of Urban Public School Children in St. Louis, Missouri, 2011–2014

Racette, Susan B.; Dill, Tiffany C.; White, Mary; Castillo, Jacqueline C.; Uhrich, Mary L.; Inman, Cindi L.; DuPont, Nicholas C.; Clark, B. Ruth

doi:10.5888/pcd12.140458

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results align with recent studies that found the duration of MVPA to be significantly longer on days with sports activities such as PE or OYS, compared with days without sports activities (13–15,35–37). In one study by Wickel and Eisenmann (13), 119 children 6–12 yr old wore accelerometers during days they participated in OYS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sports Contribute to Total Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in School Children

Sprengeler

Buck

Hebestreit

et al. 2019

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Introduction A third of all children spend at least 60 min·d −1 in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as recommended by the World Health Organization. We investigated the distribution of objectively measured physical activity (PA) intensities achieved by schoolchildren during physical education (PE) and organized youth sports (OYS) and the contribution of PE and OYS to the achievement of the PA recommendations. Methods In two surveys, PA of 396 children was measured using accelerometry during typical school weeks. Proportions (%) of sedentary behavior, light PA, and MVPA per day and particularly during sports were assessed in children 6–17 yr old. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated to analyze the association between frequency (d·wk −1 ) and duration (min·wk −1 ) of PE and OYS and meeting the PA recommendations. Results Average proportions of MVPA during PE and OYS ranged between 15% and 31%. Between 68% and 74% of children (6–10 yr) and between 27% and 37% of adolescents (11–17 yr) met the PA recommendations. In both age-groups, PE and OYS on at least 2 d·wk −1 were both significantly associated with meeting the PA recommendations (AOR for PE = 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05–6.31; AOR for OYS = 3.83, 95% CI = 2.09–6.99), compared with no PE or no OYS in that week. Likewise, significant AOR values were found for >90 min of PE per week (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.03–5.98) and >120 min of OYS per week (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.01–6.89), compared with no PE or no OYS in that week, respectively. Conclusion Schoolchildren spent less than one-third of PE and OYS in MVPA. PE and OYS were found to support children and adolescents to engage sufficiently in MVPA as recommended by the World Health Organization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sports Contribute to Total Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in School Children

Sprengeler

Buck

Hebestreit

et al. 2019

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Saint Louis Public Schools comply with the state-mandated requirement of 150 min of PA each week for elementary school students by providing 50 min/week of instructional PE by certified PE teachers and 20 min/day of recess ( Missouri Department of Elementary & Secondary Education , Minutes of Instruction). We previously reported that children in elementary grades achieve higher in-school daily steps and more minutes of MVPA on days with PE class compared to days without PE ( Castillo et al, 2015 ; Racette et al, 2015 ), supporting the National Academy of Medicine's recommendation that all elementary school students should have PE daily ( Institute of Medicine, 2013 ). The amount of PE class time that is spent engaged in MVPA has been observed to be <40% of the time allocated ( Nader, 2003 ; Racette et al, 2015 ), whereas the National Academy of Medicine recommendation is that ≥50% of PE class time should be spent engaged in vigorous or moderate-intensity PA ( Institute of Medicine, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…We previously reported that children in elementary grades achieve higher in-school daily steps and more minutes of MVPA on days with PE class compared to days without PE ( Castillo et al, 2015 ; Racette et al, 2015 ), supporting the National Academy of Medicine's recommendation that all elementary school students should have PE daily ( Institute of Medicine, 2013 ). The amount of PE class time that is spent engaged in MVPA has been observed to be <40% of the time allocated ( Nader, 2003 ; Racette et al, 2015 ), whereas the National Academy of Medicine recommendation is that ≥50% of PE class time should be spent engaged in vigorous or moderate-intensity PA ( Institute of Medicine, 2013 ). Furthermore, because students generally have the option to choose their own activity during recess (or to be sedentary), combined with the challenges that many schools face with providing appropriate recess activities during inclement weather, students may not accumulate meaningful PA during recess.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Failure to meet aerobic fitness standards among urban elementary students

Clark

Uhrich

Dill

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

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The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of aerobic fitness with the elementary school environment and student characteristics among 4th and 5th grade children attending urban public schools in St. Louis, MO, USA. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012–2015 and included 2381 children (mean age 10.5 y) who completed the FITNESSGRAM® 20-m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run. Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) was defined according to FITNESSGRAM® aerobic capacity criteria. Other student-level variables included age, race, National School Lunch Program eligibility, BMI z-score, weight status, and daily pedometer steps. School environment variables included playground features and playground safety, physical education and recess practices, and school census tract data on vacant houses and median household income. Bivariate analyses with sex stratification were used to identify student-level and school-level predictors of failure to achieve the aerobic HFZ; predictors were then included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Failure to meet the aerobic HFZ was observed among 33% of boys and 57% of girls. School environment was not predictive, but higher age and fewer daily steps were: each additional year of age was associated with 41% higher odds of failing to meet the aerobic HFZ among boys and 100% higher odds among girls. Conversely, each additional 1000 daily steps was associated with 15% (boys) and 13% (girls) lower odds of failure. Obesity posed a 60% higher risk of failure to meet HFZ among girls. These results highlight the importance of childhood physical activity opportunities, especially for girls residing in low-resource areas.

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“…The school setting is well established as a vehicle for physical activity interventions , however evidence indicates that a challenge exists in achieving the recommended 50-80% of time active during a standard physical education (PE) lesson (Hollis et al, 2016;Racette et al 2015;Association for Physical Education, 2015). Moreover, the tradition of competitive games 3 emphasising the importance of skill development, strategies and tactics has meant that health benefits have been viewed as a by-product of PE rather than a central goal (Kirk, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 9–11-year-old children

Morris

Cramb

Dodd-Reynolds

2017

Journal of Sports Sciences

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. (2018) 'Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 911-year-old children.', Journal of sports sciences., 36 (3). pp. 286-292. Further information on publisher's website: Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. caroline.dodd-reynolds@durham.ac.uk ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:The authors thank the school, the children and their parents, the head teacher and the cook for their participation in this study. 1 ABSTRACTUsing a randomised cross-over design, free-living lunch intake and subjective appetite were examined in 10 children (9.8±0.6 years) following high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus a control sedentary (SED) period, within a school setting. The 22 minute HIIT took place during a regular PE lesson and consisted of two rounds of 4 x 30 second sprints. Foods were offered at a regular school lunch immediately following HIIT and SED and were matched between conditions. All food was covertly weighed before and after the meal. Hunger, fullness and prospective consumption were reported immediately before and after HIIT/SED, using visual analogue scales. Heart rate was higher during HIIT than SED

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Influence of Physical Education on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity of Urban Public School Children in St. Louis, Missouri, 2011–2014

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Sports Contribute to Total Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in School Children

Sports Contribute to Total Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in School Children

Failure to meet aerobic fitness standards among urban elementary students

Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 9–11-year-old children

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