Influence of pH on Transungual Passive and Iontophoretic Transport

Smith, Kelly A.; Hao, Jinsong; Li, S. Kevin

doi:10.1002/jps.21984

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Passive and iontophoretic transport of ions (Na + and Cl − ) was found to be consistent with the permselective property of nail at pH ranging from 3 to 9. It was found was to be altered in extremely acidic conditions and supported the findings that the nail favours permeation of positively charged molecules at pH above pI and that of negatively charged molecules at pH below pI .…”

Section: Factors Affecting Tu Deliverysupporting

confidence: 74%

Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds

Thatai

Sapra

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisAlthough considered as trifling illness, nail diseases have a reasonably high occurrence and a noteworthy impact on the patients' quality of life. Furthermore, there is a need to improve the topical treatment for nail diseases to avoid drug interactions and to reduce side effects associated with oral therapy. Topical drug delivery to the nails has established amplified consideration lately. Strategies (such as chemical enhancers, formulation strategies, physical and mechanical methods) are being investigated in order to improve drug permeability across the nail plate. The rationale of this review is to present contemporary information on the structure of human nail along with its comparison with animal hooves. Precincts of nail permeability have been briefly discussed with respect to factors like permeant's molecular size, hydrophilicity, charge and the nature of the vehicle. These factors affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail. Formulations like nail lacquers which mimic cosmetic varnish and colloidal carriers along with nail substitutes that can be utilized for transungual delivery have also been discussed. R esum eBien que consid er e comme etant une maladie insignifiante, les affection des ongles sont relativement fr equentes et ont un impact notable sur la qualit e de vie des patients. En outre, il s'av ere n ecessaire d'am eliorer le traitement topique des maladies des ongles pour eviter les interactions m edicamenteuses et de r eduire les effets secondaires associ es a une th erapie orale. L'administration de m edicaments topiques pour les ongles a rec ßu une consid eration amplifi ee ces derniers temps. Diverses strat egies (activateurs chimiques, des strat egies de formulation, des m ethodes physiques et m ecaniques) sont a l' etude afin d'am eliorer la perm eabilit e de la drogue a travers la plaque de l'ongle. La justification de cette revue est de pr esenter des informations contemporaines sur la structure de l'ongle humain, en la comparant avec les sabots des animaux. Les pr eceptes de perm eabilit e des ongles vontêtre bri evement discut es par rapport a des facteurs comme la taille mol eculaire du perm eant, l'hydrophilie, la charge et la nature du v ehicule, etc. Ces facteurs affectent l'absorption du m edicament et la perm eation a travers l'ongle. Des formulations comme les vernis a ongles qui imitent les vernis cosm etiques et des vecteurs collo€ ıdaux ainsi que les substituts des ongles qui peuventêtre utilis es pour la livraison TU (transungueale) sont egalement examin es.

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Section: Factors Affecting Tu Deliverysupporting

confidence: 74%

Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds

Thatai

Sapra

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Under moderate pH conditions, the hydration of nail is pH-independent; however, under extreme alkaline pH conditions, the Development of ciclopirox nail lacquer with enhanced permeation and retention nail hydration is significantly increased (Smith et al 2010). Hydration enhances the nail plate porosity and improves the drug diffusivity (Elsayed 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of ciclopirox nail lacquer with enhanced permeation and retention

Thapa

Choi

et al. 2016

Arch. Pharm. Res.

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Onychomycosis is a prevailing disease caused by fungal infection of nails that mostly affects athletes and the elderly. Ciclopirox is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. However, the desired penetration of ciclopirox into the nail bed has not been achieved via topical application for efficient treatment. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to enhance ciclopirox permeation and retention in nail by the development of a new nail lacquer formulation. We screened the effects of different solvents, alkalizing agents, and permeation enhancers on the permeation of bovine hooves by ciclopirox and its retention in human nail clippings. The results suggest that isopropyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, and urea as the solvent, alkalizing agent, and permeation enhancer, respectively, improved the permeation of the ciclopirox nail lacquer formulation the most with high flux rates. Comparison of the final formulation and marketed product revealed enhanced retention of ciclopirox from our developed formulation in human nail clippings. Therefore, our newly developed nail lacquer may be a potentially effective formulation for the treatment of onychomycosis in humans.

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“…SF being more hydrophilic (MW=376.28 Da, logP = -0.67) and present as a single ion in the donor was, a priori, considered a much better candidate for iontophoretic delivery. However, the SF donor solution had a pH ~ 8 to promote the marker ionization state and this could have provided the nail with a negative charge [31][32][33][34], thus SF delivery took place through a cation-selective nail. On the other hand, the NBC donor solution had a pH ~ 3, suggesting a positively charged nail which would be anion-selective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%