Influence of pasture management (nitrogen and lime addition and insecticide treatment) on soil organisms and pasture root system dynamics in the field

Dawson, Lorna; Grayston, Susan J.; Murray, Philip J.; Cook, R.; Gange, Alan C.; Ross, J. M.; Pratt, S. M.; Duff, E. I.; Treonis, Amy M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2923-9_12

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Dawson et al . () reported a fourfold increase in bacterial numbers on N/L plots compared to control plots at Sourhope, whereas populations of culturable fungi remained constant, as did fungal PLFA levels (Murray et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Halbwachs

Easton

Bol

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Several lines of evidence suggest that the agaricoid, non-ectomycorrhizal members of the family Hygrophoraceae (waxcaps) are biotrophic with unusual nitrogen nutrition. However, methods for the axenic culture and lab-based study of these organisms remain to be developed, so our current knowledge is limited to field-based investigations. Addition of nitrogen, lime or organophosphate pesticide at an experimental field site (Sourhope) suppressed fruiting of waxcap basidiocarps. Furthermore, stable isotope natural abundance in basidiocarps were unusually high in N and low in C, the latter consistent with mycorrhizal nutritional status. Similar patterns were found in waxcap basidiocarps from diverse habitats across four continents. Additional data from C analysis of basidiocarps and C pulse label experiments suggest that these fungi are not saprotrophs but rather biotrophic endophytes and possibly mycorrhizal. The consistently high but variable δ N values (10-20‰) of basidiocarps further indicate that N acquisition or processing differ from other fungi; we suggest that N may be derived from acquisition of N via soil fauna high in the food chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dawson et al . () quantified microbial PLFA at Sourhope and reported a substantial (sevenfold) decrease in fungal biomass on biocide plots. This raises the possibility that waxcaps may derive N from soil invertebrates and are inhibited in fruiting (and possibly mycelial growth) by the absence of such food sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Halbwachs

Easton

Bol

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The mechanisms controlling these distributions are variable and may include oviposition effects, responses to patterns in soil moisture, resource availability, texture, and chemistry, and responses to patterns in plant growth (Ettema and Wardle 2002). In this study, the insecticide we used likely reduced populations of all soil organisms, as chlorpyrifos applications generally result in reduced densities of earthworms (USDA 2001), Collembola (Frampton 1999, Pereira et al 2005, mites (Cabrera et al 2004, Pereira et al 2005; but see Michereff-Filho et al [2004] for contrasting results), and soil arthropods in general (Wang et al 2001, Dawson et al 2003, Pereira et al 2005; but see Clements et al [1988] for contrasting results for Carabidae). The effect of increasing microsite fertility on soil fauna is more difficult to predict.…”

Section: Implications For Carbon Cycling Belowgroundmentioning

confidence: 95%

Patterns in Soil Fertility and Root Herbivory Interact to Influence Fine-Root Dynamics

Stevens

Jones

2006

Ecology

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Abstract. Fine-scale soil nutrient enrichment typically stimulates root growth, but it may also increase root herbivory, resulting in trade-offs for plant species and potentially influencing carbon cycling patterns. We used root ingrowth cores to investigate the effects of microsite fertility and root herbivory on root biomass in an aggrading upland forest in the coastal plain of South Carolina, USA. Treatments were randomly assigned to cores from a factorial combination of fertilizer and insecticide. Soil, soil fauna, and roots were removed from the cores at the end of the experiment (8-9 mo), and roots were separated at harvest into three diameter classes. Each diameter class responded differently to fertilizer and insecticide treatments. The finest roots (Ͻ1.0 mm diameter), which comprised well over half of all root biomass, were the only ones to respond significantly to both treatments, increasing when fertilizer and when insecticide were added (each P Ͻ 0.0001), with maximum biomass found where the treatments were combined (interaction term significant, P Ͻ 0.001). These results suggest that root-feeding insects have a strong influence on root standing crop with stronger herbivore impacts on finer roots and within more fertile microsites. Thus, increased vulnerability to root herbivory is a potentially significant cost of root foraging in nutrient-rich patches.

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“…The intensity of toxicity on seed germination energy, seed germination, survival, and subsequent growth increases with chlorpyrifos concentration (Dubey and Fulekar 2011;Gvozdenac et al 2013). It has also been reported to exert detrimental effect on the root biomass, root appearance and disappearance, and root density (Dawson et al 2003;Singh et al 2003a). Even though it did not affect the in vitro growth of Rhizobium, reduced nodulation (Bassey et al 2015) and nitrogen fixation (C 2 H 2 reduction) were observed in alfalfa sweet clover and red clover associated with the application of chlorpyrifos (Smith et al 1978;Parween et al 2011).…”

Section: Toxicity On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chlorpyrifos: pollution and remediation

2015

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The widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture is of increasing concern due to environmental contamination and subsequent biodiversity loss. Chlorpyrifos is a toxic organophosphate pesticide. Repeated applications of chlorpyrifos modify the soil microbial community structure and pose potential health risks to the other nontargets. Chlorpyrifos has been reported as the second most commonly detected pesticide in food and water. Extensive use of chlorpyrifos in agriculture and persistence in the environment have raised public concern and demand for safe technologies to overcome the pollution and toxicity problems. Here, we review pollution and toxicity issues associated with chlorpyrifos use and discuss strategies to solve pesticide contamination. Chlorpyrifos, previously shown to be resistant to enhanced degradation, has now been proved to undergo enhanced microbe-mediated decay. Here, special emphasis is given to degradation methods such as ozonation, Fenton treatment, photodegradation, and advanced oxidation processes along with microbial degradation. Finally, we focus on degradation process at enzyme and molecular levels which will enable us to elucidate the exact degradative pathway involved in biodegradation.

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Influence of pasture management (nitrogen and lime addition and insecticide treatment) on soil organisms and pasture root system dynamics in the field

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Patterns in Soil Fertility and Root Herbivory Interact to Influence Fine-Root Dynamics

Chlorpyrifos: pollution and remediation

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