Influence of Pamoic Acid as a Complexing Agent in the Thermal Preparation of NiO Nanoparticles: Application to Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Abstract

We developed a thermal decomposition method for preparing NiO nanoparticles (NiONPs) using disodium salt of pamoic acid (Na2PA) as a complexing agent and Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O as a nickel precursor. Prior to thermal decomposition, Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O was mixed with Na2PA in ethanol, and the ethanol was evaporated succesively. The dried reaction mass was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Thermal decomposition was then performed in air to obtain the NiONPs. The role of Na2PA in the synthesis of NiONP was evaluated by preparing NiONPs according to the protocol described above without the addition of Na2PA. The X‐ray diffraction data indicated that crystalline NiO (bunsenite, cubic crystal system) formed with or without Na2PA; however, field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that smaller monodisperse NiONPs formed only with the addition of Na2PA. Without Na2PA, the obtained NPs were quite large and polydisperse. The sizes of the NiONPs prepared in the presence of Na2PA were determined using transmission electron microscopy imaging to be 19.1 ± 3.2 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of the NiONPs toward water oxidation under alkaline conditions was evaluated by immobilizing the NPs onto an in‐house prepared filter paper derived carbon electrode, and compared.

Enhanced Oxygen Evolution via Electrochemical Water Oxidation using Conducting Polymer and Nanoparticle Composites

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Suitable electrocatalysts can play a significant role in minimizing the energy/overpotential, i. e., cost for water oxidation. In the last two decades, there has been significant research on the development of electrocatalysts, e. g., precious and nonprecious metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, e. g., Au, [7][8][9] Pt, [10] RuO x , [11] IrO x , [12] CoO x , [13][14][15][16] MnO x , [17,18] NiO x [19,20] nanoparticles, and metal complexes, e. g., copper and cobalt complexes. [21,22] Among the mentioned electrode materials, CoO x including Co 3 O 4 and CoO, have been investigated vigorously due to its high efficiency, low cost, low toxicity, and wide availability all over the world.…”