Influence of oxides on friction in hot rolling: Experimental investigations and tribological modelling

Vergne, Catherine; Boher, Christine; Gras, R.; Levaillant, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2005.06.005

Cited by 92 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This indicates that the oxide debris generated in Stage II played a significant role in reducing and in stabilizing the values of COF. The COF curve is different from carbon steels on which the oxide scale will form to a thickness of 75 µm at 900 °C in 2 mins [31]; therefore the setting of initial contact of high temperature pin-on-disc must be metal-oxide or oxide-oxide contact [25,32]. The oxidation rate of carbon steels increases considerably at or above 570 °C, due to establishment of a rapidly growing non-stoichiometric FeO formed at the metal/oxide interface [26].…”

Section: Friction and Wear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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L. (2016). Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature. Tribology Letters, 63 (2), 1-13.Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high-speed steel (HSS) were performed on a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc, and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly, but the level of wear changed as Cr2O3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced, and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilise the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased. AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high speed steel (HSS)were performed on a high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly but the level of wear changed as Cr 2 O 3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilize the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased.

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Section: Friction and Wear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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“…A Coulomb-type coefficient of friction was recorded in situ from a strain gauge sensor during the experiments. This coefficient corresponds to the ratio of macroscopic forces which are the resistant force to the motion and the normal force applied on the pin [18]. A stylus-type Hommel Tester T1000 profilometer with ISO11562 filter was employed to measure the surface roughness of samples.…”

Section: Tribological Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological properties of magnetite precipitate from oxide scale in hot-rolled microalloyed steel

Jiang

Wei

et al. 2013

Wear

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Nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) particles have a potential to lead to the formation of lubrication tribofilm that reduces the friction and wear in hot steel strip rolling. In this paper, an attempt to fabricate the oxide film with magnetite precipitates from thermally-grown wustite (Fe1-xO) layer during isothermal cooling of low carbon microallyed steel, was obtained. The precipitation behaviors were investgated on Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator under the humid air with water vaour content of 19.5 per vol percent. Several types of magnetite precipitates were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The tribological properties of magnetite precipitates were investigated in pin-on-disc configuration. It was found that the dispersed magnetite particles originate from either the pro-eutectoid precipitation above 570 degrees celcius or the partical decomposition of wustite below 570 degrees celcius. The oxide film on the presence of free particles durin g eutectoid precipitation could be a lubricant and consequently resist wear, particularly for the oxide scale with a typical thickness in the range of 8 to 11 um in dry ai and moisture atmosphere. Furthermore, characterisation and precipitation process of the oxide scale are discussed, with respect to a probable mechanism to explain the lubricated properties has been proposed. thermo-mechanical simulator under the humid air with water vapour content of 19.5 vol.%. Several types of magnetite precipitates were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The tribological properties of magnetite precipitates were investigated in pin-on-disc configuration. It found that the disperse magnetite particles originate from either the pro-eutectoid precipitation above 570C or the partial decomposition of wustite below 570C. The oxide film on the presence of free particles during eutectoid precipitation could be a lubricant and consequently resist wear, particularly for the oxide scale with a typical thickness in the range of 8 to 11μm in dry air and moisture atmosphere. Furthermore, characterisation and precipitation process of the oxide scale are discussed, with respect to a probable mechanism to explain the lubricated properties has been proposed.

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“…Various research groups have investigated friction with regard to different oxide scale conditions which were induced by a defined furnace temperature and holding times in variable atmospheres. They showed that a thin oxide scale layer has a positive influence on the friction properties in contrast to thicker ones, which are harder and brittle [16][17][18]. Furthermore, there have been experimental investigations indicating a decrease of friction coefficient with increasing oxide scale layer thickness [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of Oxide Scale Influence on General Carbon Steels during Hot Forging

Behrens

Chugreev

Awiszus

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:Increasing product requirements have made numerical simulation into a vital tool for the time-and cost-efficient process design. In order to accurately model hot forging processes with finite, element-based numerical methods, reliable models are required, which take the material behaviour, surface phenomena of die and workpiece, and machine kinematics into account. In hot forging processes, the surface properties are strongly affected by the growth of oxide scale, which influences the material flow, friction, and product quality of the finished component. The influence of different carbon contents on material behaviour is investigated by considering three different steel grades (C15, C45, and C60). For a general description of the material behaviour, an empirical approach is used to implement mathematical functions for expressing the relationship between flow stress and dominant influence variables like alloying elements, initial microstructure, and reheating mode. The deformation behaviour of oxide scale is separately modelled for each component with parameterized flow curves. The main focus of this work lies in the consideration of different materials as well as the calculation and assignment of their material properties in dependence on current process parameters by application of subroutines. The validated model is used to carry out the influence of various oxide scale parameters, like the scale thickness and the composition, on the hot forging process. Therefore, selected parameters have been varied within a numerical sensitivity analysis. The results show a strong influence of oxide scale on the friction behaviour as well as on the material flow during hot forging.

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Influence of oxides on friction in hot rolling: Experimental investigations and tribological modelling

Cited by 92 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Tribological properties of magnetite precipitate from oxide scale in hot-rolled microalloyed steel

Sensitivity Analysis of Oxide Scale Influence on General Carbon Steels during Hot Forging

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