Influence of omega‐3 fatty acid on orthodontic tooth movement in rats: A biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression study

Abstract

Structured Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega‐3 fatty acids on orthodontic tooth movement. Setting and Sample Population For this study, 56 12‐week‐old adult male Wistar albino rats from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, were used. Material and Methods Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 each): control group (without any treatment), tooth movement groups (three groups of animals with only tooth movement) and omega groups (three groups of animals with tooth movement and omega‐3 administration). Omega‐3 fatty acids were administered to the rats systemically during the tooth movement period. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the orthodontic tooth movement, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical andgene expression examinations were performed. Results On the 14th experimental day, the amount of tooth movement in the omega groups was significantly lower than the tooth movement groups (P = 0.012). Biochemical experimentsshowed that the omega groups had significantly lower total oxidant levels and higher total antioxidant levels compared to the tooth movement group on the 14th experimental day (P = 0.001). The levels of RANKL, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the omega groups were significantly lower than the tooth movement groups on all experimental days (P < 0.05). Conclusion Systemic administration of omega‐3 fatty acids showed antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and decelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.

Effect of Omega-3 On Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review

“…The use of different orthodontic appliances was also found in the articles studied, namely, in the research of Ogrenim et al [11] using closed-coil springs, in the study of Karunia et al [18] using open coil springs, while Iwami-Morimoto [19] lateral expansion springs, each device has a different function.…”

“…Omega 3 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by lowering levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. Omega-3 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [11]. Essential fatty acids especially EPA and DHA have an influence on the bone remodelling process [12].…”

The Effects of Omega‐3 Supplementation on Serum Oxidative Stress Parameters in Experimental Periodontitis in an Animal Model

“…[ 6 ] Ogrenim et al. [ 7 ] exhibited increased TAOC and decreased TOS in serum upon omega‐3 supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in an animal model. Ghorbanihaghjo et al.…”

“…[ 5,6 ] Although the pharmacological mechanisms of omega‐3 on oxidative status are not clearly exhibited, fish oil administration was shown to increase the expression of glutathione synthesis‐related genes and antioxidative enzymes such as, catalase and heme oxygenase 2, which indicated omega‐3 could decrease oxidative stress via various pathways. [ 6 ] Studies presented that omega‐3 or fish oil supplementation was able to increase total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), [ 7,8 ] and decrease 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) [ 8 ] and total oxidant status (TOS). [ 7 ]…”

“…[ 6 ] Studies presented that omega‐3 or fish oil supplementation was able to increase total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), [ 7,8 ] and decrease 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) [ 8 ] and total oxidant status (TOS). [ 7 ]…”