Influence of Nutrition on Mammary Development in Pre- and Postpubertal Heifers

Sejrsen, K.; Huber, J.T.; Tucker, H.A.; Akers, R.M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82268-6

Cited by 222 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…This result is in agreement with data previously reported in ovines (Johnsson and Hart, 1985;Johnsson et al, 1986;McCann et al, 1989;McFadden et al, 1990;Peclaris et al, 1994 and1997) and bovines (Sejrsen et al, 1982;Capuco et al, 1995;Charles et al, 1999;Meyer et al, 2006). In rodents, mammary parenchymal development occurs by gradual invasion of the mammary fat pad.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of plane of nutrition on mammary growth has been extensively studied in bovines. Sejrsen et al (1982) found in dairy heifers that a 50% growth restriction improved parenchymal content in the mammary gland. Similarly, Capuco et al (1995) found lower DNA content in the mammary gland of dairy heifers fed a high plane of nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Consequently, the size of the fat pad is, ultimately, the limiting factor for the size of the mammary gland (Sejrsen et al, 1990;Imagawa et al, 1994). Nevertheless, mammary parenchymal development occurs differently in ruminants, and the size of the fat pad is unlikely to limit future mammary development (Sejrsen et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have shown that a high plane of nutrition during the first allometric period reduces mammary gland development in dairy heifers (Sejrsen et al, 1982), goats (Bowden et al, 1995) and ewes (Zidi et al, 2007) and also increases fat deposition in the mammary gland of heifers (Capuco et al, 1995;Charles et al, 1999) and ewes (Johnsson et al, 1986;Peclaris et al, 1994 and1997). During this period, duct extremities lengthen and ramify into the fat pad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of restricted feeding of prepubertal ewe lambs on growth performance and mammary gland development

Villeneuve

Cinq-Mars

Lacasse

2010

Animal

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding before puberty on growth performance and mammary gland development in replacement ewe lambs. At weaning, 72 Dorset ewe lambs were assigned to one of the three diets: an ad libitum control diet with medium-quality forage (MQF; diet A-MQF); a restricted diet with the same forage as A, but less feed concentrate (diet R-MQF); or a high-quality forage (HQF) diet (diet F-HQF). The quantity of concentrate offered to the group R-MQF and F-HQF ewe lambs was adjusted to obtain 70% of the control ewe lambs' growth rate. The diets were offered for 75 days after weaning to cover the allometric phase of mammary gland development. During this period, average daily gain (ADG) was 223 and 229 g/day for groups R-MQF and F-HQF, respectively, compared to 305 g/day for group A-MQF ( P , 0.0001). At the end of this period, 28 ewe lambs were slaughtered and their mammary gland was collected. Parenchymal fresh tissue weight tended to be higher for groups R-MQF and F-HQF compared to group A-MQF ( P 5 0.09). Stroma weight was greater ( P , 0.05) for the group A-MQF ewe lambs than for those in the other treatments. Total DNA and total protein in parenchymal tissue tended to be greater for groups R-MQF and F-HQF ( P 5 0.09 and P 5 0.07, respectively). Dry fat-free tissue was greater for groups R-MQF and F-HQF ( P , 0.05). The remaining ewe lambs were fed the same haylage and barley diet until their first lambing. During this period, compensatory growth was observed. ADG was greater ( P , 0.01) for groups R-MQF and F-HQF than for group A-MQF, and feed conversion was improved ( P , 0.01) for groups R-MQF and F-HQF compared with the control, whereas the dry matter intake was similar for all groups. Live body weight, loin eye depth and backfat depth at breeding and around lambing were similar for all groups. The results of this study suggest that restricted feeding before puberty improves mammary gland development without compromising growth performance in ewe lambs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of restricted feeding of prepubertal ewe lambs on growth performance and mammary gland development

Villeneuve

Cinq-Mars

Lacasse

2010

Animal

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“…Nutrition of the animal is a key environmental factor affecting milk production, either directly, during lactation, or indirectly, through mammary development. Sejrsen et al (1982) showed that a high plane of nutrition during the first 9 months of a heifer's life may lead to changes in the mammary tissue, resulting in a lower subsequent milk yield. Furthermore, nutrition during gestation may influence not only subsequent lactation (Park et al, 1989) but also performance during the second lactation (Ford and Park, 2001).…”

Section: Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance Studies In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics: a possible role in acute and transgenerational regulation of dairy cow milk production

Singh

Molenaar

Swanson

et al. 2012

Animal

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A potential role for epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of mammary function in the dairy cow is emerging. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in genome function that occur because of chemical changes rather than DNA sequence changes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic event that results in the silencing of gene expression and may be passed on to the next generation. However, recent studies investigating different physiological states and changes in milk protein gene expression suggest that DNA methylation may also play an acute, regulatory, role in gene transcription. This overview will highlight the role of DNA methylation in the silencing of milk protein gene expression during mastitis and mammary involution. Moreover, environmental factors such as nutrition may induce epigenetic modifications of gene expression. The current research investigating the possibility of in utero, hence cross-generational, epigenetic modifications in dairy cows will also be discussed. Understanding how the mammary gland responds to environmental cues provides a potential to enhance milk production not only of the dairy cow but also of her daughter.Keywords: epigenetics, DNA methylation, transgeneration, milk production, dairy cows ImplicationsEpigenetic regulation of gene expression is emerging as a hitherto unknown level of biological control. We will discuss how epigenetics may be part of the enormously complex regulatory pathways underpinning milk production. Not only may epigenetic regulation be directly involved in milk production of the mother ('acute epigenetics'), but it may also indirectly affect milk production in its offspring through transgenerational epigenetics, by effects on foetal development in utero. Gaining a clearer understanding of this level of regulatory control may lead to new insights in optimizing milk production not only in today's cows but also in future generations. IntroductionMilk production in dairy cows is influenced by numerous factors, including the environment (e.g. nutrition, photoperiod and heat stress), hormones, local factors within the mammary gland (e.g. autocrine, paracrine and homeostatic feedback systems), diseases (e.g. mastitis) and management practises (e.g. milking frequency). At the cellular level, these factors influence both the number and the activity of the mammary epithelial cells that synthesize milk. Multiple cell signalling pathways have been identified that play a role in regulating milk synthesis (Suchyta et al., 2003;Connor et al., 2008;Finucane et al., 2008;Singh et al., 2008). At the initiation of lactation, the rapid increase to peak milk yield following parturition is primarily because of an increase in mammary epithelial activity in response to milking. The gradual decline in milk production following peak lactation is anomalous to gradual involution and is predominantly a result of mammary epithelial loss via apoptosis (Wilde et al., 1997;Capuco et al., 2001). Microarray studies on rodent (Master et al., 2002;Clarkson et al., 2004;Stein et al., 2004) an...

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The Ovarian Cycle

Ball¹,

Peters²

2004

Reproduction in Cattle

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Influence of Nutrition on Mammary Development in Pre- and Postpubertal Heifers

Cited by 222 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of restricted feeding of prepubertal ewe lambs on growth performance and mammary gland development

Effects of restricted feeding of prepubertal ewe lambs on growth performance and mammary gland development

Epigenetics: a possible role in acute and transgenerational regulation of dairy cow milk production

The Ovarian Cycle

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