Influence of Momentum and Energy on Materials: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Approach for Impact Phenomena

Abstract

Single-impact tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to evaluate effects at energy-and momentum-variable impact phenomena at two distinct scales and velocity ranges. Therefore, a carbon steel in various heat treatment conditions is examined using the single impact test to evaluate the influence of varying energies and momenta on the deformation behavior. Experimentally found material parameters "momentumsensitivity"p s ðEÞ and "minimum deformation momentum"p 0 ðEÞare introduced for a better mathematical description of impact phenomena or deformation processes using energy and momentum. Empirical laws are found, where the minimum deformation momentum is a linear function of the impact energy (E) and the deformation at low momenta is an inverse function of E, which has significant influence on the deformation. The proposed empirical law are recalculated via down-scaled molecular dynamics simulation (rigid indenter impacting on an iron block) and is found applicable for macro and nano scale impact phenomena.