Influence of mold temperature and process time on the degree of cure of epoxy-based materials for thermoset injection molding and prepreg compression molding

Deringer, Tim; Gröschel, Christian; Drummer, Dietmar

doi:10.1515/polyeng-2016-0409

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hot compression molding is utilized for thermoplastic polymer composite production, where heat is needed to melt the polymer. However, for some thermoset composites, heat is applied to accelerate the curing process and enhance the mechanical properties [ 118 ]. However, one of the major difficulties in processing fast-cure thermoset resins is their strong exothermic reaction during curing.…”

Section: Thermosetting Polymer Composite Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

et al. 2021

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In this review, the challenges faced by woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites in Malaysia were addressed with respect to three major aspects: woven kenaf reinforcement quality, Malaysian citizen awareness of woven kenaf thermoset composite products, and government supports. Kenaf plantations were introduced in Malaysia in the last two decades, but have generally not produced much kenaf composite product that has been widely accepted by the public. However, woven kenaf fiber enhances the thermoset composites to a similar degree or better than other natural fibers, especially with respect to impact resistance. Woven kenaf composites have been applied in automotive structural studies in Malaysia, yet they are still far from commercialization. Hence, this review discusses the kenaf fiber woven in Malaysia, thermoset and bio-based thermoset polymers, thermoset composite processing methods and, most importantly, the challenges faced in Malaysia. This review sets guidelines, provides an overview, and shares knowledge as to the potential challenges currently faced by woven kenaf reinforcements in thermoset polymer composites, allowing researchers to shift their interests and plans for conducting future studies on woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites.

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Section: Thermosetting Polymer Composite Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…In the injection molding process, both thermosets and thermoplastics polymer are used, but the process included with thermoset is difficult to execute [40], [41]. The process parameter of thermosets such as curing time, curing temperature, injection pressure, and injection torque were investigated by Deringer et al [42] for epoxy-based natural fiber composite. An schematic setup of injection molding process is given in Fig.…”

Section: Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Developments in Manufacturing Process and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites

2021

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From the last few decades, the study of natural fiber composite materials has been gaining strong attention among researchers, scientists, and engineers. Natural fiber composite materials are becoming good alternatives to conventional materials because of their lightweight, high specific strength, low thermal expansion, eco-friendly, low manufacturing cost, nonabrasive and bio-degradable characteristics. It is proven that natural fiber is a great alternative to synthetic fiber in the sector of automobiles, railway, and aerospace. Researchers are developing various types of natural fiber-reinforced composites by combining different types of natural fiber such as jute, sisal, coir, hemp, abaca, bamboo, sugar can, kenaf, banana, etc. with various polymers such as polypropylene, epoxy resin, etc. as matrix material. Based on the application and required mechanical and thermal properties, numerous natural fiber-based composite manufacturing processes are available such as injection molding, compression molding, resin transfer molding, hand lay-up, filament welding, pultrusion, autoclave molding, additive manufacturing, etc. The aim of the paper is to present the developments of various manufacturing processes of natural fiber-based composites and obtained mechanical properties.

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“…The difference in mechanical properties for 200 °C and 180 °C could result from the different crosslinking states. In [30] it is shown that different degrees of curing can result from processing epoxy resin at different mold temperatures, which have a direct influence on the mechanical properties. However, at 160 °C the complete wetting and impregnation of the rovings wasn't possible.…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering Figure 7 (left), the short-glass-fibers are orientated parallel to the carbon-fibers, which resembles an orientation in flow direction. This corresponds to the state of the art of the injection molding of short-fiber-reinforced polymers [30,31]. Meier et al shows that for LCM processes, parts without reinforcement are filled first due to the fact that the liquid thermoset follows the path of lowest resistance [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrative manufacturing of thermoset injection molding components with continuous fiber-reinforcement

Deringer¹

2019

Zeitschrift Kunststofftechnik

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Integrative manufacturing of thermoset injection molding components with continuous fiber-reinforcement A new process for the manufacturing of thermoset injection molding components with local continuous fiber-reinforcement in one shot has been developed. "Dry" textiles or continuous fibers are inserted into the cavity of an injection mold. Subsequently, the continuous fibers are impregnated and embedded into a short-fiber-reinforced thermoset molding compound by the following injection molding process. In this paper, the technical feasibility of the process is proven by the analyses of the wettability and impregnability of dry carbon-rovings depending on the mold temperature. Furthermore, mechanical tests show that by this new process the integration of continuous fibers into injection molded components improves the mechanical properties if they are impregnated completely. Integrative Herstellung von endlosfaserverstärkten Duroplastbauteilen im Spritzguss Es wird ein neuer Prozess zur Herstellung von duroplastischen Spritzgussteilen mit lokaler Endlosfaserverstärkung in einem Spritzgießzyklus entwickelt. Hierfür werden "trockene" Textilien oder Endlosfasern in die Kavität eines Spritzgießwerkzeuges eingelegt. Anschließend werden die Endlosfasern mittels einer kurzfaserverstärkten duroplastischen Formmasse imprägniert und eingebettet. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird die technische Machbarkeit des Verfahrens durch die Analyse der Benetzbarkeit und Imprägnierbarkeit von trockenen Carbon-Rovings in Abhängigkeit der Werkzeugtemperatur nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus zeigen mechanische Tests, dass durch dieses neue Verfahren, dass die Integration von Endlosfasern in Spritzgussteilen deren mechanische Eigenschaften verbessern, sofern diese vollständig imprägniert sind.

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Influence of mold temperature and process time on the degree of cure of epoxy-based materials for thermoset injection molding and prepreg compression molding

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

A Review on Developments in Manufacturing Process and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites

Integrative manufacturing of thermoset injection molding components with continuous fiber-reinforcement

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