Influence of moisture on autoignition of woods in cone calorimeter

Shi, Long; Chew, Michael Yit Lin

doi:10.1177/0734904111431675

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, those results were obtained for thermoplastic polymers (PEEK, POM, PA66, PMMA, PC). Our results are close to those obtained by Le Lay and Gutierrez [ 76 ] for polyester and vinyl ester composites or those of Shi and Chew [ 77 ] for woods where an increase in TTI was mentioned in wet samples compared to the dry ones. In the case of EpFl-AlPi, it is assumed that a part of the incident heat flux is used for the endothermic vaporization of moisture contained in the biocomposite, thus postponing the time required to reach the ignition temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on the Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Campana¹,

Léger²,

Sonnier³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In engineering applications, natural fiber composites must comply with fire requirements including the use of flame retardant. Furthermore, biocomposites are known to be water sensitive. Whether flame retardants affect the water sensitivity and whether water absorption affects the fire behavior and the mechanical performance of biocomposites are the two main topics addressed in this work. In this study, a flax fiber/epoxy composite flame retardant with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) or aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) was aged in humid atmosphere or by immersion in water. Water absorption kinetics revealed that DOPO induces an increase in equilibrium water content by approximately a factor of 2 due to its intrinsic hygroscopicity and/or its plasticizing effect on the epoxy matrix. In contrast, AlPi does not significantly change the water sensitivity of the biocomposite. Mechanical testing highlighted that, whatever the FR, the evolution of mechanical properties with ageing is governed by the moisture content. The drop of elastic modulus was attributed to a decrease in fiber rigidity due to plasticization, while the increase in tensile strength was assigned to an increase in fiber/matrix friction due to fiber swelling. As regards flame retardancy, only the highest water contents modified the fire behavior. For the AlPi containing biocomposite, the water release resulted in an increase by 50% of the time to ignition, while for the DOPO flame retardant biocomposite the water release was mainly postponed after ignition.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on the Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Campana¹,

Léger²,

Sonnier³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Each experiment was repeated at least two times, and optionally more runs were undertaken to ensure an acceptable level of reproducibility. Further details of the experimental runs are published elsewhere [28]. The edges and rear surface of samples were covered with an aluminum foil, and ceramic fiber blanket was inserted underneath a sample for the purpose of insulation, and therefore to ensure minimum heat losses from the sample while undergoing combustion.…”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

et al. 2015

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A mathematical model, named FiresCone, was developed to simulate the pyrolysis and combustion processes of different types of combustible materials, which also took into account both gas and solid phases. In the present study, some non-charring and intumescent-protected polymer samples were investigated regarding their combustion behaviors in response to pre-determined external heat fluxes. The modeling results were validated against the experimental outcomes obtained from a cone calorimeter. The predicted mass loss rates of the samples were found to fit reasonably well with the experimental data collected under various levels of external irradiation. Both the experimental and modeling results showed that the peak mass loss rate of the non-charring polymer material occurred near the end of burning, whereas for the intumescent-protected polymer it happed shortly after the start of the experiment. "FiresCone" is expected to act as a practical tool for the investigation of fire behavior of combustible materials. It is also expected to model fire scenarios under complicated conditions.

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“…Physical and chemical properties of cellulosic materials and basic combustion characteristics of wood and wood-based products have long been investigated and described in reference books and review articles. 4,5,8,11–16 More specific fire performance characteristics have been reported in the literature: ignition, 17–23 charring, 24–27 heat release, 28–30 flame spread, 29 smoke toxicity, 1,2,3,31–41 and forest fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

In-depth temperature and smoke production of charring wood under a constant external heat flux

Matsuyama

Takahashi

2021

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The combustion characteristics of charring wood have been studied experimentally in a well-ventilated environment of a smoke chamber. A numerical simulation has also been performed for a limited case, with the Fire Dynamics Simulator, to estimate the burning environment. A horizontally placed specimen (ponderosa pine) with a moisture content of 0% or 20% is exposed to a radiant flux (25 kW/m2), with or without flaming ignition. Simultaneous measurements of the specimen’s in-depth temperature and the mass loss determine the charring front (rate) at 300 °C and the gasification rate, respectively. These condensed-phase conditions relate directly to real-time variations of gas-phase quantities: the specific optical density of smoke and the concentrations of toxic gases measured by a Fourier transform infrared gas analyzer. In-depth temperature trends are similar whether the flame exists, whereas the smoke and toxicants’ concentrations are substantially different. After the charring front moves through the specimen, the oxidative pyrolysis continues under the irradiation at high temperatures (up to ∼550 °C). Carbon monoxide and acrolein are produced continuously throughout the test, and the results indicate strong correlations. Although char formation of wood is favorable for fire safety, consequent incomplete combustion produces smoke and toxicants.

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Influence of moisture on autoignition of woods in cone calorimeter

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on the Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on the Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

In-depth temperature and smoke production of charring wood under a constant external heat flux

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