Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste

Abstract

Chitosan is natural polysaccharides which is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible and have many advantages in various kinds of fields including health, food, agriculture, and industry. Chitosan usually take long time to extract by conventional method for deacetylation process of chitin. Raw material for chitosan can be found in shrimp shell waste. Chitosan manufactures usually need high temperatures and chemicals in large quantities and it takes much time and consumes a lot of energy where will give bad effect to the environment. Recently microwave irradiation as nonconventional energy sources is widely used in chemical reactions. To reduce the impact of environmental pollution due to excessive use of chemical treatment, the objective of this work is processing chitosan under microwave irradiation. Expected production of chitosan with the same mass requires fewer chemicals than conventional heating. In particular, the study will examine the effect of making the chitosan and adding chemicals, reaction time and operating temperature and degree of deacetylation in chitosan with conventional heating methods that the results will be compared using a microwave. In this research will be developed to the design and fabrication of prototype scale extractor for manufacturing chitosan from shrimp shell waste after optimum results obtained from the research laboratory scale. From the research we can conclude that microwave will speed up reaction time. FTIR also showed functional group of chitosan formed from microwave irradiation have same results. Keywords: chitosan, shrimp shells, microwave

Express Method for Isolation of Ready-to-Use 3D Chitin Scaffolds from Aplysina archeri (Aplysineidae: Verongiida) Demosponge

“…Recently, microwave irradiation has been shown to be a promising technique for the extraction and modification of polysaccharides from natural sources [ 61 ], including chitin chemistry. This method is mostly used as an alternative for the preparation of chitosan from various chitinous sources [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. It has been confirmed that microwave-assisted chitin processing reduces the time of deacetylation from ∼8 h [ 64 ] to 5.5 min [ 65 ].…”

Chitosan: Sources, Processing and Modification Techniques

“…Other emerging extraction techniques include the use of ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents (DES), microwave, ultrasound, and pulsed electric field technologies for the deproteinization [ 142 ]. Of these approaches, microwave-assisted extraction, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction [ 133 , 145 ] offers enhanced process control, energy-efficiency, and cost-effectiveness [ 130 , 141 ] in comparison with the conventional chemical approaches. Especially the use of emerging green solvents (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (DESs)) have been applied to many fields, such as biomass for separation and purification, pretreatment and synthesis of polymers including chitin extraction.…”