Sialon ceramic tool material has excellent mechanical properties and high temperature resistance, which is one of the most potential tool materials at present, and it has been widely used in the machining of Inconel 718 superalloy. It is of great value to discuss the high-speed cutting of superalloy Inconel 718. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the wear principle and cutting performance of Sialon ceramic tool during high-speed cutting of superalloy Inconel 718, so as to ensure the overall cutting quality and prolong the service life of the tool. Based on this, this paper introduces the basic situation of Sialon series materials, and discusses the wear principle and cutting performance of Sialon during high-speed cutting of superalloy Inconel 718 from the aspects of tool service time, cutting force and surface roughness by means of experiments, so as to provide reference for high-speed cutting of superalloy Inconel 718 in China.