Influence of meat and bone meal, phytase, and antibiotics on broiler chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 2. intestinal permeability, organ weights, hematology, intestinal morphology, and jejunal gene expression

Abstract

Undigested proteins entering the hindgut may favor the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens . Using phytase to eliminate the need for meat and bone meal ( MBM ) as a P source may reduce potential infection with C. perfringens . A study was conducted to determine the impact of MBM, phytase, and antibiotics ( AB ) on intestinal permeability and morphology, organ weights, and jejunal gene expression in Ross 308 chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis ( NE ). Male Ross 308-day-old chicks (672 each) were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 6 replicate pens each housing 14 birds. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: MBM (no or yes); AB (no or yes—Zn bacitracin 100 in S and 50 ppm in G/F and salinomycin Na 60 ppm in all phases); phytase (500 or 1,500 FTU/kg, both using 500 FTU matrix values) using wheat-SBM-canola meal diets. Birds were challenged with Eimeria spp on day 9, and C. perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on day 14 and 15. An AB × MBM interaction ( P < 0.05) was detected for relative gizzard weight (with contents) being lower in birds fed MBM and AB compared to those fed MBM and no AB. A MBM × AB interaction ( P > 0.01) was detected for lymphocyte counts being lower with MBM and AB compared to MBM without AB. A phytase × AB interaction ( P < 0.05) was observed for villi length being increased with high phytase and no AB compared to with AB. Inclusion of MBM increased ( P < 0.05) blood FICT-d concentration, whereas AB decreased it ( P < 0.05). Antibiotics increased RBC ( P < 0.05), Hgb ( P < 0.05), and PCV ( P < 0.05) and expression of Ca-binding protein, CALB1 ( P > 0.05). Inclusion of MBM decreased expression of MUC2 ( P < 0.05). Results indicate that dietary MBM has a detrimental effect on gut health of broilers but this may be counteracted using AB.

Supplementation of reduced protein diets with

“…It has been reported that supplementation of either meat and bone meal, antibiotic, phytase, or phytogenic feed additives does not affect relative weights of the breast, leg, and fat pad in NE-challenged birds (Cho et al 2014;Zanu et al 2020b). In the current study, Cit supplementation in the RP diet was effective in increasing breast meat yield in NE-challenged birds.…”

Effect of different types of sugar on gut physiology and microbiota in overfed goose

“…The intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in the nutrition, physiology, and immune defense mechanisms of the animal. Previous studies have implicated the Eimeria infection causing intestinal damage including a reduction in the villus height with a consequent decrease in the growth performance and an increased potential for C. perfringens to colonize ( Wu et al., 2016 ; Zanu et al., 2020 ). Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes can both produce SCFA through fermentation using high fat diets (for Firmicutes ) or high plant fibers (for Bacteroidetes ) ( De Filippo et al., 2010 ).…”

Comparison of overfeeding effects on gut physiology and microbiota in two goose breeds

“…A study of Langdes Goose showed that the richness and diversity of the bacterial communities decreased in the ileum and cecum after overfeeding ( Tang et al., 2018 ). It was reported that the proliferation of C. perfringens eliminated the absorptive villi and resulted in the crypts between them to deepen, thus making the intestinal lining nonabsorptive, thick, and lumpy ( Zanu et al., 2020 ). In addition, when the number of harmful intestinal microbes is increased, their metabolites will lead to changes in intestinal structure and permeability.…”