To explored the difference of goose fatty liver formation induced-by different types of sugar from the intestinal physiology and the gut microflora, an integrated analysis of intestinal physiology and gut microbiota metagenomes was performed using samples collected from the geese including the normal-feeding geese and the overfed geese which were overfed with maize flour or overfeeding dietary supplementation with 10% sugar (glucose, fructose or sucrose, respectively), respectively. The results showed that the foie gras weight of the fructose group and the sucrose group was heavier ( P < 0.05) than other groups. Compared with the control group, the ileum weight was significantly higher ( P < 0.01), and the cecum weight was significantly lower in the sugar treatment groups ( P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the ratio of villi height to crypt depth in the fructose group was the highest in jejunum ( P < 0.05); the trypsin activity of the ileum was higher in the fructose group and the sucrose group ( P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the main intestinal flora of geese; and the abundance of Firmicutes in the jejunum was higher in the sugar treatment groups than that of the maize flour group. At the genus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus in the jejunum was higher ( P < 0.05) in the sugar treatment groups than that of the maize flour group. In conclusion, forced-feeding diet supplementation with sugar induced stronger digestion and absorption capacity, increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Lactobacillus (especially fructose and sucrose) in the gut. So, the fructose and sucrose had higher induction on hepatic steatosis in goose fatty liver formation.
Backgroud: Early research in our lab is indicated that the effect of glucose, fructose and sucrose on the levels of triacylglycerol and inflammatory factor was significantly different, and it is speculated that the regulatory mechanism of lipid deposition by different type of sugar in the liver is different. Methods: In order to explore lipid deposition difference mediated by different type of sugar (glucos, fructose and sucrose) in goose fatty liver formation, this experiment was performed from cell culture, overfeeding experiment and transcriptome analysis three level. Results: Cell culture experiment results indicated that the levels of intracellular triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and lipid content of fructose treatment and sucrose treatment were significantly higher than those of glucose treatment (P < 0.05). In slaughter performance, the liver weight, the ratio of liver weight to body weight, feed conversion ratio (liver weight / feed consumption ) were better in sucrose overfeeding group (P < 0.05). In addition, the liver of the sucrose overfeeding group contained a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, especially (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA ) (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis shown that the PPAR signaling pathway is highly enriched in the fructose and sucrose overfeeding groups; cell cycle and DNA replication pathways were highly enriched in the glucose overfeeding group. Conclusions: Due to lipids outward transportation decrease and anti-imflammation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), thereby, fructose and sucrose hve better ability to induce steatosis in foie gras formation.
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